{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T04:11:12Z","timestamp":1790136672659,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Dopaminergic drugs are the primary risk factor for Impulse Control Behaviours\n          (ICB) in Parkinson's disease (PD), others being early-onset disease and gender. Objective:\n          This report further explores ICB symptom relationships with motor and mood phenotypes, the\n          complex relationship with dopaminergic medications, and hypothesizes a model with\n          potential clinical implications. Methods: Data from 500 PD patients were analyzed.\n          Hypersexuality, gambling and shopping behaviour were assessed using selected questions\n          from the Minnesota Impulsive Disorders Interview questionnaire. Local questions assessed\n          hobbyism. Motor characteristics considered were akinetic-rigid\/gait disturbance (PIGD) and\n          \u2018non-PIGD\u2019 phenotypes, motor severity, motor progression, and presence\/absence of motor\n          fluctuations. Other variables included anxiety, depression, current levodopa and agonist\n          use, age, gender and cognition. Results: Overall, ICB symptom frequency was 17.8%. There\n          was no relationship between PIGD\/non-PIGD motor phenotypes and ICB symptoms. Those with\n          ICB symptoms had higher total combined levodopa\/agonist equivalent intake, but not current\n          agonist-only equivalent intake. ICB symptoms were reported by 23.1% of those taking\n          combined levodopa and agonist compared to 19.2% on agonist monotherapy and 11.6% levodopa\n          monotherapy. Compared with non-ICB patients, patients with ICB symptoms were more likely\n          to show an anxious mood phenotype, reported more motor fluctuations, and were younger.\n          Conclusions: Both PIGD and non-PIGD phenotypes are equally affected. Dose-related risk\n          applies to total anti-parkinsonian medication and not just current agonist-only. Anxious\n          mood phenotypes may carry increased risk. A role of anxiety, either as a marker of risk,\n          indirect causal factor, or maintaining factor is incorporated into a preliminary model. We\n          discuss implications for clinical management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jpd-130314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]],"date-time":"2019-12-03T14:14:48Z","timestamp":1575382488000},"page":"245-254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Motor Phenotypes, Medication and Mood: Further Associations with Impulsive          Behaviours in Parkinson's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Catherine S.","family":"Hurt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, City University London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fadi","family":"Alkufri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King's College Hospital, Department of Neurology, King's Health Partners,\r          London, UK"},{"name":"East Kent Hospitals NHS University Foundation Trust, Ashford, Kent, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard G.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychology,\r          London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Burn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne,\r          UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John V.","family":"Hindle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Department of Care of the Elderly,\r          Llandudno, UK"},{"name":"University of Bangor, School of Medical Sciences, Bangor, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Landau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry,\r          London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth C.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Liverpool, EMI Academic Unit, St Catherine's Hospital, Wirral,\r          UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Samuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King's College Hospital, Department of Neurology, King's Health Partners,\r          London, UK"},{"name":"East Kent Hospitals NHS University Foundation Trust, Ashford, Kent, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the PROMS-PD study group (see acknowledgements)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"container-title":["Journal of Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JPD-130314","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JPD-130314","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T04:42:56Z","timestamp":1777610576000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/JPD-130314"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/JPD-130314"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jpd-130314","relation":{"is-cited-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1007\/s11910-017-0738-x","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00086","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1080\/08870446.2016.1218879","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1877-7171","1877-718X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-7171","type":"print"},{"value":"1877-718X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}}}