{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T08:16:16Z","timestamp":1791101776173,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,21]],"date-time":"2018-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534809600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\u03b1-synuclein is a lead Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) biomarker. There are conflicting reports regarding accuracy of \u03b1-synuclein in different tissues and biofluids as a PD biomarker, and the within-subject anatomical distribution of \u03b1-synuclein is not well described. The Systemic Synuclein Sampling Study (S4) aims to address these gaps in knowledge. The S4 is a multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study evaluating \u03b1-synuclein in multiple tissues and biofluids in PD and healthy controls (HC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the baseline characteristics of the S4 cohort and safety and feasibility of this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants underwent motor and non-motor clinical assessments, dopamine transporter SPECT, biofluid collection (cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and blood), and tissue biopsies (skin, sigmoid colon, and submandibular gland). Biopsy adequacy was determined based on presence of adequate target tissue. Tissue sections were stained with the 5C12 monoclonal antibody against unmodified \u03b1-synuclein. All specimens were acquired and processed in a standardized manner. Adverse events were systematically recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The final cohort consists of 82 participants (61 PD, 21 HC). In 68 subjects (83%), all types of specimens were obtained but only 50 (61%) of subjects had all specimens both collected and evaluable for \u03b1-synuclein. Mild adverse events were common, especially for submandibular gland biopsy, but only 1 severe adverse event occurred.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multicenter tissue and biofluid sampling for \u03b1-synuclein is feasible and generally safe. S4 will inform understanding of the concurrent distribution of \u03b1-synuclein pathology and biomarkers in biofluids and peripheral nervous system in PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/jpd-181434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]],"date-time":"2018-09-21T13:48:31Z","timestamp":1537537711000},"page":"517-527","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Feasibility and Safety of Multicenter Tissue and Biofluid Sampling for\n                    <i>\u03b1<\/i>\n                    -Synuclein in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: The Systemic Synuclein Sampling Study (S4)"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Lana M.","family":"Chahine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas G.","family":"Beach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Seedorff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea","family":"Caspell-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher S.","family":"Coffey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Brumm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles H.","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geidy E.","family":"Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carly","family":"Linder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherri","family":"Mosovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Foroud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Riss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dixie","family":"Ecklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Seibyl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danna","family":"Jennings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denali Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Arnedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson\u2019s Research, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsey","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson\u2019s Research, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.D.","family":"Dave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Michael J. 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