{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T02:50:09Z","timestamp":1791859809335,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]],"date-time":"2020-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585872000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]]},"DOI":"10.3233\/jpd-191890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]],"date-time":"2020-04-03T10:51:27Z","timestamp":1585911087000},"page":"591-604","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Substantia Nigra Volume Dissociates Bradykinesia and Rigidity from Tremor in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A 7 Tesla Imaging Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Kathleen L.","family":"Poston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew A. I.","family":"Ua Cruadhlaoich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura F.","family":"Santoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA"},{"name":"California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey D.","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Rutt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey A.","family":"Kerchner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael M.","family":"Zeineh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(97)00100-7","article-title":"Correlation between neuromorphometry in the substantia nigra and clinical features in Parkinson\u2019s disease using disector counts","volume":"151","author":"Ma","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt192","article-title":"Disease duration and the integrity of the nigrostriatal system in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"136","author":"Kordower","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199111000-00006","article-title":"The neuropathologic basis of different clinical subgroups of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"50","author":"Paulus","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6360-3_1","article-title":"Post mortem studies in Parkinson\u2019s disease\u2013is it possible to detect brain areas for specific symptoms?","volume":"56","author":"Jellinger","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neural Transm Suppl"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(73)90175-5","article-title":"Brain dopamine and the syndromes of Parkinson and Huntington. Clinical, morphological and neurochemical correlations","volume":"20","author":"Bernheimer","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1991.tb05026.x","article-title":"Nigral degeneration in Parkinson\u2019s disease in relation to clinical features","volume":"136","author":"Rinne","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand Suppl"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200016040-00003","article-title":"Tremor-predominant Parkinson\u2019s disease. Approaches to treatment","volume":"16","author":"Marjama-Lyons","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.4.529","article-title":"Parkinson disease with old-age onset: A comparative study with subjects with middle-age onset","volume":"60","author":"Diederich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.14131448","article-title":"MR imaging of the substantia nigra at 7 T enables diagnosis of Parkinson disease","volume":"271","author":"Cosottini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1159\/000147312","article-title":"Histochemical distribution of non-haem iron in the human brain","volume":"144","author":"Morris","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Anat (Basel)"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000262033.01945.9a","article-title":"Individual dopaminergic neurons show raised iron levels in Parkinson disease","volume":"68","author":"Oakley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25677","article-title":"Signal-to-noise ratio and MR tissue parameters in human brain imaging at 3, 7, and 9.4 tesla using current receive coil arrays","volume":"75","author":"Pohmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.10.029","article-title":"Susceptibility contrast in high field MRI of human brain as a function of tissue iron content","volume":"44","author":"Yao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4180","article-title":"Ultra-high-field MR neuroimaging","volume":"36","author":"Balchandani","year":"2015","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3181f74105","article-title":"An assessment of current brain targets for deep brain stimulation surgery with susceptibility-weighted imaging at 7 Tesla","volume":"67","author":"Abosch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2355","article-title":"Using high-resolution MR imaging at 7T to evaluate the anatomy of the midbrain dopaminergic system","volume":"32","author":"Eapen","year":"2011","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-012-1476-0","article-title":"The subthalamic nucleus at 7.0 Tesla: Evaluation of sequence and orientation for deep-brain stimulation","volume":"154","author":"Kerl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00710","article-title":"High-resolution MR imaging of the human brainstem in vivo at 7 Tesla","volume":"7","author":"Deistung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27318","article-title":"Distinct progression pattern of susceptibility MRI in the substantia nigra of Parkinson\u2019s patients","volume":"33","author":"Du","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13121991","article-title":"Improved subthalamic nucleus depiction with quantitative susceptibility mapping","volume":"269","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25693","article-title":"Clinical quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM): Biometal imaging and its emerging roles in patient care","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00876","article-title":"Ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging of the basal ganglia and related structures","volume":"8","author":"Plantinga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2015.02.021","article-title":"Quantifying brain iron deposition in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease using quantitative susceptibility mapping, R2 and R2","volume":"33","author":"Barbosa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4260","article-title":"Usefulness of quantitative susceptibility mapping for the diagnosis of Parkinson disease","volume":"36","author":"Murakami","year":"2015","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26417","article-title":"Quantitative susceptibility mapping of the midbrain in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"31","author":"Du","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4407","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22928","article-title":"Region-specific disturbed iron distribution in early idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease measured by quantitative susceptibility mapping","volume":"36","author":"He","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27381","article-title":"Susceptibility MRI captures nigral pathology in patients with Parkinsonian syndromes","volume":"33","author":"Lewis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0176130","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176130","article-title":"Comparison of T2*-weighted and QSM contrasts in Parkinson\u2019s disease to visualize the STN with MRI","volume":"12","author":"Alkemade","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.09.055","article-title":"Toward in vivo histology: A comparison of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) with magnitude-, phase-, and R2*-imaging at ultra-high magnetic field strength","volume":"65","author":"Deistung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2831","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21404","article-title":"Direct visualization of the subthalamic nucleus and its iron distribution using high-resolution susceptibility mapping","volume":"33","author":"Schafer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22752","article-title":"High resolution magnetic susceptibility mapping of the substantia nigra in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"35","author":"Lotfipour","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26043","article-title":"7 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging: A closer look at substantia nigra anatomy in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"29","author":"Lehericy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref33","first-page":"12","article-title":"7T MRI subthalamic nucleus atlas for use with 3T MRI","volume":"5","author":"Milchenko","year":"2018","journal-title":"SPIE"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31829e6fd2","article-title":"Visualization of nigrosome 1 and its loss in PD: Pathoanatomical correlation and in vivo 7 T MRI","volume":"81","author":"Blazejewska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23465","article-title":"Direct visualization of Parkinson\u2019s disease by in vivo human brain imaging using 7.0T magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"26","author":"Cho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.01.023","article-title":"Loss of substantia nigra hyperintensity on 7 Tesla MRI of Parkinson\u2019s disease, multiple system atrophy, and progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4158","article-title":"Comparison of 3T and 7T susceptibility-weighted angiography of the substantia nigra in diagnosing Parkinson disease","volume":"36","author":"Cosottini","year":"2015","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22592","article-title":"Seven-Tesla magnetic resonance images of the substantia nigra in Parkinson disease","volume":"71","author":"Kwon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24135","article-title":"Reducing the object orientation dependence of susceptibility effects in gradient echo MRI through quantitative susceptibility mapping","volume":"68","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22187","article-title":"Quantitative susceptibility map reconstruction from MR phase data using bayesian regularization: Validation and application to brain imaging","volume":"63","author":"de Rochefort","year":"2010","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2009.2023787","article-title":"Nonlinear regularization for per voxel estimation of magnetic susceptibility distributions from MRI field maps","volume":"29","author":"Kressler","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25358","article-title":"Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) Decoding MRI data for a tissue magnetic biomarker","volume":"73","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S47","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-181482","article-title":"The future of brain imaging in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Helmich","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2019.10.002"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10459","article-title":"SIC Task Force appraisal of clinical diagnostic criteria for parkinsonian disorders","volume":"18","author":"Litvan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22340","article-title":"Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson\u2019s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS): Scale presentation and clinimetric testing results","volume":"23","author":"Goetz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24585","article-title":"Compensatory neural mechanisms in cognitively unimpaired Parkinson disease","volume":"79","author":"Poston","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25383","article-title":"How to identify tremor dominant and postural instability\/gait difficulty groups with the movement disorder society unified Parkinson\u2019s disease rating scale: Comparison with the unified Parkinson\u2019s disease rating scale","volume":"28","author":"Stebbins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000041","article-title":"Optimization of magnetization-prepared 3-dimensional fluid attenuated inversion recovery imaging for lesion detection at 7 T","volume":"49","author":"Saranathan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910160203","article-title":"The NMR phased array","volume":"16","author":"Roemer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.015","article-title":"User-guided 3D active contour segmentation of anatomical structures: Significantly improved efficiency and reliability","volume":"31","author":"Yushkevich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22816","article-title":"Morphology enabled dipole inversion (MEDI) from a single-angle acquisition: Comparison with COSMOS in human brain imaging","volume":"66","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.051","article-title":"Advances in functional and structural MR image analysis and implementation as FSL","volume":"23 Suppl 1","author":"Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4188-09.2010","article-title":"Abnormalities in metabolic network activity precede the onset of motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Tang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1097\/00006231-200505000-00005","article-title":"123I-FP-CIT semi-quantitative SPECT detects preclinical bilateral dopaminergic deficit in early Parkinson\u2019s disease with unilateral symptoms","volume":"26","author":"Filippi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nucl Med Commun"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3489","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3489","article-title":"Regionally progressive accumulation of iron in Parkinson\u2019s disease as measured by quantitative susceptibility mapping","volume":"30","author":"Guan","year":"2017","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23828","article-title":"Drug-induced parkinsonism: A review of 17 years\u2019 experience in a regional pharmacovigilance center in France","volume":"26","author":"Bondon-Guitton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref58","first-page":"83","article-title":"The development of animal models for studies in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Poirier","year":"1971","journal-title":"Contemp Neurol Ser"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e32832d9d67","article-title":"Akineto-rigid vs. tremor syndromes in Parkinsonism","volume":"22","author":"Zaidel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(10)83013-4","article-title":"Computational physiology of the basal ganglia in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"183","author":"Rivlin-Etzion","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14212","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1206037109","article-title":"Biophysical mechanisms of MRI signal frequency contrast in multiple sclerosis","volume":"109","author":"Yablonskiy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3655","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3655","article-title":"Effects of biological tissue structural anisotropy and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility on the gradient echo MRI signal phase: Theoretical background","volume":"30","author":"Yablonskiy","year":"2017","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0219705","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0219705","article-title":"MR susceptibility contrast imaging using a 2D simultaneous multi-slice gradient-echo sequence at 7T","volume":"14","author":"Bian","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.zemedi.2015.10.002","article-title":"Foundations of MRI phase imaging and processing for Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM)","volume":"26","author":"Schweser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Z Med Phys"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21736","article-title":"Paradoxical aspects of parkinsonian tremor","volume":"23","author":"Fishman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181f61329","article-title":"A meta-regression of the long-term effects of deep brain stimulation on balance and gait in PD","volume":"75","author":"St George","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2012.04192.x","article-title":"Progression of motor and nonmotor features of Parkinson\u2019s disease and their response to treatment","volume":"74","author":"Vu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2015.06.006","article-title":"Low-frequency stimulation of the pedunculopontine nucleus affects gait and the neurotransmitter level in the ventrolateral thalamic nucleus in 6-OHDA Parkinsonian rats","volume":"600","author":"Wen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv047","article-title":"The integrative role of the pedunculopontine nucleus in human gait","volume":"138","author":"Lau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp234","article-title":"A clinico-pathological study of subtypes in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"132","author":"Selikhova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.11.2089","article-title":"[123I]beta-CIT SPECT imaging assessment of the rate of Parkinson\u2019s disease progression","volume":"57","author":"Marek","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref72","first-page":"1747","article-title":"The substantia nigra in Parkinson disease: Proton density-weighted spin-echo and fast short inversion time inversion-recovery MR findings","volume":"23","author":"Oikawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3423","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq212","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging markers of Parkinson\u2019s disease nigrostriatal signature","volume":"133","author":"Peran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.3.JNS091385","article-title":"Direct visualization of deep brain stimulation targets in Parkinson disease with the use of 7-tesla magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"113","author":"Cho","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.08.082","article-title":"Morphology enabled dipole inversion for quantitative susceptibility mapping using structural consistency between the magnitude image and the susceptibility map","volume":"59","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24272","article-title":"Nonlinear formulation of the magnetic field to source relationship for robust quantitative susceptibility mapping","volume":"69","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13122640","article-title":"Intracranial calcifications and hemorrhages: Characterization with quantitative susceptibility mapping","volume":"270","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13130353","article-title":"Quantitative susceptibility mapping of multiple sclerosis lesions at various ages","volume":"271","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25420","article-title":"Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) of white matter multiple sclerosis lesions: Interpreting positive susceptibility and the presence of iron","volume":"74","author":"Wisnieff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2017.08.029","article-title":"Quantitative susceptibility mapping differentiates between parkinsonian disorders","volume":"44","author":"Sjostrom","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2018.06.024","article-title":"Comprehensive MRI quantification of the substantia nigra pars compacta in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"109","author":"Takahashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.12.041","article-title":"3D texture analyses within the substantia nigra of Parkinson\u2019s disease patients on quantitative susceptibility maps and R2(*) maps","volume":"188","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e93814","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093814","article-title":"The \u2018swallow tail\u2019 appearance of the healthy nigrosome - a new accurate test of Parkinson\u2019s disease: A case-control and retrospective cross-sectional MRI study at 3T","volume":"9","author":"Schwarz","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv387","article-title":"On the right side? A longitudinal study of left- versus right-lateralized semantic dementia","volume":"139","author":"Kumfor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205013666151116141416","article-title":"Cortical and subcortical changes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A longitudinal and quantitative MRI study","volume":"13","author":"Su","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-191890_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000280575.77437.a2","article-title":"MRI patterns of atrophy associated with progression to AD in amnestic mild cognitive impairment","volume":"70","author":"Whitwell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Parkinson's Disease"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/JPD-191890","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T04:47:31Z","timestamp":1777610851000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/JPD-191890"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jpd-191890","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-7171","1877-718X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-7171","type":"print"},{"value":"1877-718X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]]}}}