{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T09:56:10Z","timestamp":1777888570260,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603756800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Synucleinopathy is a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by neurodegeneration and accumulation of alpha-synuclein (\u03b1-syn) aggregates in various brain regions. The detailed mechanism of \u03b1-syn-caused neurotoxicity remains obscure, which is partly due to the lack of a suitable model that retains the in vivo three-dimensional cellular network and allows a convenient dissection of the neurotoxic pathways. Recent studies revealed that the pre-formed recombinant \u03b1-syn amyloid fibrils (PFFs) induce a robust accumulation of pathogenic \u03b1-syn species in cultured cells and animals. Objective: Our goal is to determine whether PFFs are able to induce the pathogenic \u03b1-syn accumulation and neurotoxicity in organotypic brain slice culture, an ex vivo system that retains the in vivo three-dimensional cell-cell connections. Methods\/Results: Adding PFFs to cultured wild-type rat or mouse brain slices induced a time-dependent accumulation of pathogenic \u03b1-syn species, which was indicated by \u03b1-syn phosphorylated at serine 129 (p\u03b1-syn). The PFF-induced p\u03b1-syn was abolished in brain slices prepared from \u03b1-syn null mice, suggesting that the p\u03b1-syn is from the phosphorylation of endogenous \u03b1-syn. Human PFFs also induced p\u03b1-syn in brain slices prepared from mice expressing human \u03b1-syn on a mouse \u03b1-syn-null background. Furthermore, the synaptophysin immunoreactivity was inversely associated with p\u03b1-syn accumulation and an increase of neuronal loss was detected. Conclusion: PFF-treatment of brain slices is able to induce key pathological features of synucleinopathy: p\u03b1-syn accumulation and neurotoxicity. This model will be useful for investigating the neurotoxic mechanism and evaluating efficacy of therapeutic approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jpd-202026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]],"date-time":"2020-07-21T14:32:22Z","timestamp":1595341942000},"page":"1397-1410","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Modeling \u03b1-Synucleinopathy in Organotypic Brain Slice Culture with Preformed \u03b1-Synuclein Amyloid Fibrils"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Amandine","family":"Roux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinhe","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katelyn","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiyan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1038\/3311","article-title":"Accelerated in vitro fibril formation by a mutant alpha-synuclein linked to early-onset Parkinson disease","volume":"4","author":"Conway","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3406","article-title":"The many faces of alpha-synuclein: From structure and toxicity to therapeutic target","volume":"14","author":"Lashuel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(98)01418-5","article-title":"Aggregates from mutant and wild-type alpha-synuclein proteins and NAC peptide induce apoptotic cell death in human neuroblastoma cells by formation of beta-sheet and amyloid-like filaments","volume":"440","author":"El-Agnaf","year":"1998","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2015.10.023","article-title":"Bent out of shape: Alpha-Synuclein misfolding and the convergence of pathogenic pathways in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"589","author":"Luna","year":"2015","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1038\/42166","article-title":"Alpha-synuclein in Lewy bodies","volume":"388","author":"Spillantini","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6469","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.11.6469","article-title":"alpha-Synuclein in filamentous inclusions of Lewy bodies from Parkinson\u2019s disease and dementia with lewy bodies","volume":"95","author":"Spillantini","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref7","first-page":"S53","article-title":"The synucleinopathies: Twenty years on","volume":"7","author":"Goedert","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2017.07.018","article-title":"Distinct alpha-Synuclein strains and implications for heterogeneity among alpha-Synucleinopathies","volume":"109","author":"Peng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17013","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.13","article-title":"Parkinson disease","volume":"3","author":"Poewe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(02)00065-9","article-title":"Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"Braak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/61.5.413","article-title":"Where does Parkinson disease pathology begin in the brain?","volume":"61","author":"Del Tredici","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00619-7","article-title":"Dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"3","author":"McKeith","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00462-6","article-title":"Lewy body dementias","volume":"386","author":"Walker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e31817d7a1d","article-title":"Validation of the neuropathologic criteria of the third consortium for dementia with Lewy bodies for prospectively diagnosed cases","volume":"67","author":"Fujishiro","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1311488","article-title":"Multiple-system atrophy","volume":"372","author":"Fanciulli","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb748","article-title":"alpha-Synuclein is phosphorylated in synucleinopathy lesions","volume":"4","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2873","article-title":"Prion-like transmission of protein aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"11","author":"Brundin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.08.033","article-title":"Exogenous alpha-synuclein fibrils induce Lewy body pathology leading to synaptic dysfunction and neuron death","volume":"72","author":"Volpicelli-Daley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-019-0696-4","article-title":"Pathogenic alpha-synuclein aggregates preferentially bind to mitochondria and affect cellular respiration","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1227157","article-title":"Pathological alpha-synuclein transmission initiates Parkinson-like neurodegeneration in nontransgenic mice","volume":"338","author":"Luk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-019-0346-0","article-title":"Organotypic brain slice cultures to model neurodegenerative proteinopathies","volume":"14","author":"Croft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-019-0411-9","article-title":"Automated four-dimensional long term imaging enables single cell tracking within organotypic brain slices to study neurodevelopment and degeneration","volume":"2","author":"Linsley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.14500.2","article-title":"Preparation of organotypic brain slice cultures for the study of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Croft","year":"2018","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2016.12.012","article-title":"Rat brain sagittal organotypic slice cultures as an ex vivo dopamine cell loss system","volume":"277","author":"McCaughey-Chapman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.07.086","article-title":"Organotypic brain slice cultures: A review","volume":"305","author":"Humpel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12154","article-title":"The natural history of cerebellar degeneration of Niemann-Pick C mice monitored in vitro","volume":"40","author":"Marschalek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2012.09.004","article-title":"An organotypic spinal cord slice culture model to quantify neurodegeneration","volume":"211","author":"Ravikumar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-536-7_29","article-title":"Rat hippocampal slice culture models for the evaluation of neuroprotective agents","volume":"846","author":"Gerace","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.13","article-title":"The prion organotypic slice culture assay\u2013POSCA","volume":"3","author":"Falsig","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1038\/nn2028","article-title":"A versatile prion replication assay in organotypic brain slices","volume":"11","author":"Falsig","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002985","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002985","article-title":"Prion pathogenesis is faithfully reproduced in cerebellar organotypic slice cultures","volume":"8","author":"Falsig","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004662","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004662","article-title":"Prion infections and anti-PrP antibodies trigger converging neurotoxic pathways","volume":"11","author":"Herrmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004531","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004531","article-title":"The role of the NADPH oxidase NOX2 in prion pathogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Sorce","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2011.07.021","article-title":"Organotypic vibrosections: Novel whole sagittal brain cultures","volume":"201","author":"Ullrich","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20182184","article-title":"rAAV-based brain slice culture models of Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s disease inclusion pathologies","volume":"216","author":"Croft","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-007-9141-5","article-title":"Predominant neuritic pathology induced by viral overexpression of alpha-synuclein in cell culture","volume":"27","author":"Zach","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-017-1746-2","article-title":"alpha-Synuclein transfer between neurons and astrocytes indicates that astrocytes play a role in degradation rather than in spreading","volume":"134","author":"Loria","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-019-0865-5","article-title":"Organotypic slice culture model demonstrates inter-neuronal spreading of alpha-synuclein aggregates","volume":"7","author":"Elfarrash","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2020.01.022","article-title":"Differential membrane binding and seeding of distinct alpha-synuclein fibrillar polymorphs","volume":"118","author":"Shrivastava","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8968","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.132197599","article-title":"Human alpha-synuclein-harboring familial Parkinson\u2019s disease-linked Ala-53 \u2013>Thr mutation causes neurodegenerative disease with alpha-synuclein aggregation in transgenic mice","volume":"99","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4016","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1309143110","article-title":"Deficits in dopaminergic transmission precede neuron loss and dysfunction in a new Parkinson model","volume":"110","author":"Janezic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-008-0408-8","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide preconditioning induces protection against lipopolysaccharide-induced neurotoxicity in organotypic midbrain slice culture","volume":"24","author":"Ding","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2014.143","article-title":"Addition of exogenous alpha-synuclein preformed fibrils to primary neuronal cultures to seed recruitment of endogenous alpha-synuclein to Lewy body and Lewy neurite-like aggregates","volume":"9","author":"Volpicelli-Daley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8728","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1007-y","article-title":"Detecting alpha synuclein seeding activity in formaldehyde-fixed MSA patient tissue by PMCA","volume":"55","author":"Becker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4107","article-title":"ScaleS: An optical clearing palette for biological imaging","volume":"18","author":"Hama","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-14-135","article-title":"Parkin depletion delays motor decline dose-dependently without overtly affecting neuropathology in alpha-synuclein transgenic mice","volume":"14","author":"Fournier","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24937","article-title":"Involvement of the cerebellum in Parkinson disease and dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"81","author":"Seidel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref48","first-page":"419","article-title":"Multiple system atrophy: Cellular and molecular pathology","volume":"54","author":"Burn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Pathol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-015-0673-9","article-title":"alpha-Synuclein expression in the mouse cerebellum is restricted to VGluT1 excitatory terminals and is enriched in unipolar brush cells","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14299","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3383-10.2010","article-title":"Effects of synaptic modulation on beta-amyloid, synaptophysin, and memory performance in Alzheimer\u2019s disease transgenic mice","volume":"30","author":"Tampellini","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7130","DOI":"10.1038\/srep07130","article-title":"DHA-PC and PSD-95 decrease after loss of synaptophysin and before neuronal loss in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"4","author":"Yuki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-016-0110-7","article-title":"Synaptophysin depletion and intraneuronal Abeta in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures from huAPP transgenic mice","volume":"11","author":"Harwell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.2_Suppl_2.S2","article-title":"Biochemical aspects of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"51","author":"Hornykiewicz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2012.01.011","article-title":"Axon degeneration in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"246","author":"Burke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-018-0537-x","article-title":"alpha-Synuclein fibril-induced paradoxical structural and functional defects in hippocampal neurons","volume":"6","author":"Froula","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4784268","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4784268","article-title":"Linking neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"2018","author":"Gelders","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2005.08.002","article-title":"In vivo imaging of microglial activation with [11C](R)-PK11195 PET in idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"21","author":"Gerhard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70062-6","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A target for neuroprotection?","volume":"8","author":"Hirsch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2017.04.001","article-title":"The role of astrocyte dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s disease pathogenesis","volume":"40","author":"Booth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0051-5","article-title":"Block of A1 astrocyte conversion by microglia is neuroprotective in models of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"Yun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-017-0494-9","article-title":"alpha-Synuclein fibrils recruit peripheral immune cells in the rat brain prior to neurodegeneration","volume":"5","author":"Harms","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.11.010","article-title":"Peripheral monocyte entry is required for alpha-Synuclein induced inflammation and Neurodegeneration in a model of Parkinson disease","volume":"300","author":"Harms","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref63","first-page":"182","article-title":"Infiltration of CD4+ lymphocytes into the brain contributes to neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Parkinson disease","volume":"119","author":"Brochard","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22815","article-title":"T cells from patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease recognize alpha-synuclein peptides","volume":"546","author":"Sulzer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2018.06.015","article-title":"Th17 lymphocytes induce neuronal cell death in a human iPSC-based model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"23","author":"Sommer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1006733","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006733","article-title":"Inhibition of group-I metabotropic glutamate receptors protects against prion toxicity","volume":"13","author":"Goniotaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.01.115","article-title":"Evaluation of cell damage in organotypic hippocampal slice culture from adult mouse: A potential model system to study neuroprotection","volume":"1385","author":"Su","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1177\/026119290203000304","article-title":"Organotypic brain-slice cultures from adult rats: Approaches for a prolonged culture time","volume":"30","author":"Wilhelmi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Altern Lab Anim"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(00)00197-7","article-title":"Long-term maintenance of mature hippocampal slices in vitro","volume":"98","author":"Xiang","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202026_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2015.00047","article-title":"Organotypic vibrosections from whole brain adult Alzheimer mice (overexpressing amyloid-precursor-protein with the Swedish-Dutch-Iowa mutations) as a model to study clearance of beta-amyloid plaques","volume":"7","author":"Humpel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Parkinson's Disease"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/JPD-202026","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T04:48:20Z","timestamp":1777610900000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/JPD-202026"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jpd-202026","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-7171","1877-718X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-7171","type":"print"},{"value":"1877-718X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]}}}