{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:17:03Z","timestamp":1790835423102,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Little is known about the patients\u2019 view on treatment with medical cannabis (MC) for Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD). Objective: To assess the PD community\u2019s perception of MC and patients\u2019 experience with MC. Methods: Applying a questionnaire-based survey, we evaluated general knowledge and interest in MC as well as the frequency, modalities, efficacy, and tolerability of application. Questionnaires were distributed nationwide via the membership journal of the German Parkinson Association and locally in our clinic to control for report bias. Results: Overall, 1.348 questionnaires (1.123 nationwide, 225 local) were analysed. 51% of participants were aware of the legality of MC application, 28% of various routes of administration (ROA) and 9% of the difference between delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (\u03949-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). PD-related cannabis use was reported by 8.4% of patients and associated with younger age, living in large cities and better knowledge about the legal and clinical aspects of MC. Reduction of pain and muscle cramps was reported by more than 40% of cannabis users. Stiffness\/akinesia, freezing, tremor, depression, anxiety and restless legs syndrome subjectively improved for more than 20% and overall tolerability was good. Improvement of symptoms was reported by 54% of users applying oral CBD and 68% inhaling THC-containing cannabis. Compared to CBD intake, inhalation of THC was more frequently reported to reduce akinesia and stiffness (50.0% vs. 35.4%; p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.05). Interest in using MC was reported by 65% of non-users. Conclusion: MC is considered as a therapeutic option by many PD patients. Nevertheless, efficacy and different ROA should further be investigated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jpd-202260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T12:38:29Z","timestamp":1605616709000},"page":"309-321","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Cannabis in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: The Patients\u2019 View"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ferhat","family":"Yenilmez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Odette","family":"Fr\u00fcndt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ute","family":"Hidding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Buhmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202260_ref1","first-page":"1093","volume-title":"Handbook of Cannabis","author":"ElSohly","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202260_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4790","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13250","article-title":"Cannabidiol is a negative allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor","volume":"172","author":"Laprairie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202260_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00744","article-title":"Binding and signaling studies disclose a potential allosteric site for cannabidiol in cannabinoid CB2 receptors","volume":"8","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Pinilla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202260_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-019-02018-8","article-title":"Evidence for the use of cannabinoids in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"126","author":"Buhmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neural Transm (Vienna)"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202260_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2011.01248.x","article-title":"Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9)-THC) exerts a direct neuroprotective effect in a human cell culture model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"38","author":"Carroll","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202260_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1602","article-title":"Cannabinoid-based drugs as anti-inflammatory therapeutics","volume":"5","author":"Klein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202260_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2004.11.009","article-title":"Cannabinoids provide neuroprotection against 6-hydroxydopamine toxicity in vivo and in vitro: Relevance to Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"Lastres-Becker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202260_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1517\/14728221003709792","article-title":"The endocannabinoid system as a target for the treatment of neuronal damage","volume":"14","author":"Fernandez-Ruiz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Targets"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-202260_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-120668","article-title":"Cannabis bei Parkinson \u2013Hype oder Heilmittel? 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