{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:12:48Z","timestamp":1791486768898,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Although abnormalities in gut microbiota are hypothesized to influence the pathogenesis and clinical phenotype of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), prospective studies on de novo patients are lacking. Objective: To preliminarily investigate whether gut microbiota in early untreated PD may predict motor and non-motor features progression over a 3-year period. Methods: 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicons were sequenced on fecal samples of 39 de novo PD patients. Multiple confounders were taken into account, including dietary habits. Motor and non-motor symptoms were assessed using validated scales at baseline and followed-up yearly for 3 years. At last follow-up, a detailed neuropsychological assessment was additionally performed. A general linear model for repeated measurements\u2014 adjusted by dopaminergic therapy at follow-up\u2014 was used to investigate the relationship between bacterial taxa abundance at baseline (stratified by the median of distribution at baseline) and outcome variables. Results: Twenty-five patients were included (11 refused, 2 lost at follow-up, 1 died). Lower abundance of Roseburia (Firmicutes phylum) at baseline was associated with worse evolution of motor, non-motor and cognitive functions at 3-year follow-up. Similarly, lower abundance of Ruminococcaceae and Actinobacteria at baseline was associated with faster worsening of global cognitive functions. At follow-up, frontal lobe functions were the features most robustly associated with baseline microbial abnormalities. Conclusion: In the present exploratory study on de novo PD, we found an association between abnormal distribution of specific bacterial taxa and the progression of motor and non-motor features over a 3-year period. This proof-of-principle study supports the design of a larger observational study aiming to determine whether these differences survive multiple-comparison correction and define microbiota-specific subgroups suitable for therapeutic targeting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jpd-202297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T12:49:39Z","timestamp":1608036579000},"page":"159-170","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Does Gut Microbiota Influence the Course of Parkinson\u2019s Disease? A 3-Year Prospective Exploratory Study in de novo Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Roberto","family":"Cilia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Piatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Milan Center for Neuroscience, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Cereda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlotta","family":"Bolliri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parkinson Institute, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Caronni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parkinson Institute, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Ferri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parkinson Institute, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Cassani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parkinson Institute, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Bonvegna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Ferrarese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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