{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T21:53:27Z","timestamp":1778622807450,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Instrumented measures of balance and gait measure more specific balance and gait impairments than clinical rating scales. No prior studies have used objective balance\/gait measures to examine associations with ventricular and brain volumes in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To test the hypothesis that larger ventricular and smaller cortical and subcortical volumes are associated with impaired balance and gait in people with PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Regional volumes from structural brain images were included from 96 PD and 50 control subjects. Wearable inertial sensors quantified gait, anticipatory postural adjustments prior to step initiation (APAs), postural responses to a manual push, and standing postural sway on a foam surface. Multiple linear regression models assessed the relationship between brain volumes and balance\/gait and their interactions in PD and controls, controlling for sex, age and corrected for multiple comparisons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Smaller brainstem and subcortical gray matter volumes were associated with larger sway area in people with PD, but not healthy controls. In contrast, larger ventricle volume was associated with smaller APAs in healthy controls, but not in people with PD. A sub-analysis in PD showed significant interactions between freezers and non-freezers, in several subcortical areas with stride time variability, gait speed and step initiation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec specific-use=\"heading-level-1\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our models indicate that smaller subcortical and brainstem volumes may be indicators of standing balance dysfunction in people with PD whereas enlarged ventricles may be related to step initiation difficulties in healthy aging. Also, multiple subcortical region atrophy may be associated with freezing of gait in PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/jpd-202403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]],"date-time":"2021-10-15T18:37:09Z","timestamp":1634323029000},"page":"283-294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Relationship Between Brain Volumes and Objective Balance and Gait Measures in Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Anjanibhargavi","family":"Ragothaman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health and Science University","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Miranda-Dominguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota","place":["USA"]},{"name":"University of Minnesota","place":["USA"]},{"name":"University of Minnesota Medical School","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara H.","family":"Brumbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health and Science University","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Giritharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health and Science University","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damien A.","family":"Fair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota","place":["USA"]},{"name":"University of Minnesota","place":["USA"]},{"name":"University of Minnesota Medical School","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Oregon Health and Science University","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John G.","family":"Nutt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health and Science University","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Mancini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health and Science University","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Oregon Health and Science University","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fay B.","family":"Horak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health and Science University","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Oregon Health and Science University","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Oregon Health and Science University","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-1931(00)00028-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21840"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2011.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-018-0828-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27195"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22799"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2008.02430.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2017.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ManciniM NuttJG HorakFB (2020) How is balance controlled by the nervous system? 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