{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T09:56:40Z","timestamp":1777888600767,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), a degenerative disease with irreversible motor dysfunction, impacts patients\u2019 quality of life (QoL). Spirituality can provide a sense of hope and meaning when individuals are faced with adverse life events, such as a diagnosis of PD. However, few studies have examined the relationship between spiritual well-being and QoL for persons with PD. Objective: To explore the relationships between the disease characteristics, spirituality and QoL for persons with PD, and verify the mediating effects of spirituality on the relationship. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited patients with PD (n\u200a=\u200a110) by convenience sampling from a neurological clinic in northern Taiwan. Variables were measured using the Spirituality Index of Well-Being Chinese version (SIWB-C) and the 39-item Parkinson\u2019s disease Quality of Life Questionnaire Chinese version (PDQ-39-C) self-report questionnaires. Descriptive analysis and linear hierarchical regression were conducted to examine the studied variables and explore the mediating effect of spiritual wellbeing. Results: Those whose scores were significantly better in PDQ-39 were younger, employed, with shorter disease duration and less severe condition with better functioning on their early stages and lower LEDD; additionally, those who had better quality of life also experienced better spiritual wellbeing than the counterparts. The regression model demonstrated spiritual self-efficacy had mediating effects between disease characteristics and QoL, explaining 69.8%of the variance (adjusted R2\u200a=\u200a65.3%). Conclusion: The results can be the references for future strategies and interventions, focusing on increasing spiritual self-efficacy and reducing the impact of disease severity to improve QoL for persons with PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jpd-212764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]],"date-time":"2021-10-22T12:27:03Z","timestamp":1634905623000},"page":"173-184","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Mediating Effect of Spiritual Well-Being and Quality of Life for Persons with Parkinson\u2019s Disease in Northern Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shu-Fen","family":"Chiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yih-Ru","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei-Kwei","family":"Tsay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Parasitology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Chen","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dementia Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2014.01.004","article-title":"Ageing and Parkinson\u2019s disease:Why is advancing age the biggest risk factor?","volume":"14","author":"Reeve","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref2","first-page":"231","article-title":"Epidemiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"18","author":"Louis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurol Asia"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref3","first-page":"14","article-title":"The genetics ofParkinson\u2019s disease: Progress and therapeutic implications","volume":"28","author":"Singleton","year":"2013","journal-title":"MovDisord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0145310","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0145310","article-title":"Parkinson symptoms and health related quality of life as predictors of costs: A longitudinal observational study with linear mixed model analysis","volume":"10","author":"Martinez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-020-0117-1","article-title":"Current and projected future economic burden of Parkinson\u2019s disease in the U.S.","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref6","first-page":"375","article-title":"Quality of life inParkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"5","author":"Opara","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Life"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12206","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease, religion, and spirituality","volume":"2","author":"Redfern","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref8","first-page":"952","article-title":"Spiritualityindex of well-being scale: Development and testing of a newmeasure","volume":"51","author":"Daaleman","year":"2002","journal-title":". J Fam Pract"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1177\/1054773821991152","article-title":"Spirituality as a mediatorbetween depressive symptoms and subjective well-being in olderadults","volume":"30","author":"So\u00f3sov\u00e1","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nurs Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4103\/2224-3151.115826","article-title":"Spiritual health, the fourthdimension: A public health perspective","volume":"2","author":"Dhar","year":"2013","journal-title":"WHO South-East Asia JPublic Health"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref11","first-page":"304","article-title":"Oncology nursing education:Teaching strategies that work","volume":"25","author":"Purnell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nurs Educ Perspect"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.2190\/B0H1-38QG-7PLG-6Q4V","article-title":"Religion,spirituality, and chaplains in the biomedical literature: 1965-2000","volume":"33","author":"Weaver","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Psychiatry Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref13","first-page":"59","article-title":"Spiritual well-being of caring","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Taiwan J Hosp Palliat Care"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-011-1769-7","article-title":"Instruments measuring spirituality in clinical research: Asystematic review","volume":"26","author":"Monod","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13310-7","article-title":"Effect of spiritualwell-being on end-of-life despair in terminally-ill cancer patients","volume":"361","author":"McClain","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.21037\/apm.2019.11.30","article-title":"Addressing spirituality well-being as a mean of improving quality of life in Parkinson disease","volume":"9","author":"Kilpatrick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Palliat Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/42.5.613","article-title":"Rowe and Kahn\u2019s model of successful aging revisited: Positivespirituality\u2013the forgotten factor","volume":"42","author":"Crowther","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref19","unstructured":"Fahn S , Elton R and Members of the UPDRS development committee (1987) The Unified Parkinson\u2019s Disease Rating Scale. In Recent Developments in Parkinson\u2019s Disease, Vol. 2, Fahn S, Marsden CD, Calne DB, Goldstein M, eds. McMellam Health Care Information, Florham Park, pp. 153\u2013163."},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.17.5.427","article-title":"Parkinsonism: Onset, progression and mortality","volume":"17","author":"Hoehn","year":"1967","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870090112","article-title":"Unified Parkinson\u2019s disease rating scale characteristics and structure. the cooperative multicentric group","volume":"9","author":"Mart\u00edn","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6834\/CSMU.2012.00116"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02260863","article-title":"The development and validation of a short measure of functioning and wellbeing for individuals with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"4","author":"Peto","year":"1995","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2004.05.007","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the PDQ-39 and the PDQ-8 in English-speaking Parkinson\u2019s disease patients in Singapore","volume":"10","author":"Tan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2007000500010","article-title":"Quality of life scale in Parkinson\u2019s disease PDQ-39 \u2013(Brazilian Portuguese version) to assess patients with and without levodopa motor fluctuation","volume":"65","author":"Souza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2018.1509240","article-title":"Balance and mobility in patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson\u2019s disease \u2013a five-year follow-up of a cohort in northern Sweden","volume":"42","author":"Johansson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1097\/01376517-200410000-00006","article-title":"A young onset Parkinson\u2019s patient: A case study","volume":"36","author":"Jung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci Nurs"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2006.2.1.34","article-title":"Factors that affect the quality of life at 3 years post stroke","volume":"2","author":"Choi-Kwon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-160851","article-title":"The key determinants to quality of life inParkinson\u2019s disease patients: Results from the Parkinson\u2019s diseasebiomarker program (PDBP)","volume":"6","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.28.541","article-title":"Quality of life inpeople with Parkinson\u2019s disease: The relevance of socialrelationships and communication","volume":"28","author":"Takahashi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref32","first-page":"4040185","article-title":"Relationships among depression, anxiety, sleep, and quality of life in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease in Taiwan","volume":"2016","author":"Fan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282x20170091","article-title":"Quality of life in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients: Progression markersof mild to moderate stages","volume":"75","author":"Moreira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1097\/rnj.0000000000000149","article-title":"Sociodemographic factors affecting the disease acceptance and thequality of life in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: A preliminarystudy","volume":"44","author":"Rosi\u0144czuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rehabil Nurs"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S131","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22789","article-title":"Understanding disability in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"25","author":"Shulman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov <\/BB> Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e102294","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102294","article-title":"Activities of daily living, depression, and quality of life in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"9","author":"Lawrence","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278730","DOI":"10.5402\/2012\/278730","article-title":"Religion, spirituality, and health: The researchand clinical implications","volume":"2012","author":"Koenig","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISRN Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212764_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.21037\/apm.2019.09.13","article-title":"Correlates of spiritual wellbeing in persons living withParkinson disease","volume":"9","author":"Prizer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Palliat Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Parkinson's Disease"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/JPD-212764","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T04:50:34Z","timestamp":1777611034000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/JPD-212764"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jpd-212764","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-7171","1877-718X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-7171","type":"print"},{"value":"1877-718X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]}}}