{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T15:48:46Z","timestamp":1790696926280,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Individuals with Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) may be especially vulnerable to future cognitive decline from anticholinergic medications. Objective: To characterize anticholinergic medication burden, determine the co-occurrence of anticholinergic and cholinesterase inhibitors, and to assess the correlations among anticholinergic burden scales in PD outpatients. Methods: We studied 670 PD outpatients enrolled in a clinic registry between 2012 and 2020. Anticholinergic burden was measured with the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale (ACB), Anticholinergic Drug Scale (ADS), Anticholinergic Risk Scale (ARS), and Drug Burden Index-Anticholinergic component (DBI-Ach). Correlations between scales were assessed with weighted kappa coefficients. Results: Between 31.5 to 46.3% of PD patients were taking medications with anticholinergic properties. Among the scales applied, the ACB produced the highest prevalence of medications with anticholinergic properties (46.3%). Considering only medications with definite anticholinergic activity (scores of 2 or 3 on ACB, ADS, or ARS), the most common anticholinergic drug classes were antiparkinsonian (8.2%), antipsychotic (6.4%), and urological (3.3%) medications. Cholinesterase inhibitors and medications with anticholinergic properties were co-prescribed to 5.4% of the total cohort. The most highly correlated scales were ACB and ADS (\u03ba=\u200a0.71), ACB and ARS (\u03ba=\u200a0.67), and ADS and ARS (\u03ba=\u200a0.55). Conclusion: A high proportion of PD patients (20%) were either taking antiparkinsonian, urological, or antipsychotic anticholinergic medications or were co-prescribed anticholinergic medications and cholinesterase inhibitors. By virtue of its detection of a high prevalence of anticholinergic medication usage and its high correlation with other scales, our data support use of the ACB scale to assess anticholinergic burden in PD patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jpd-212769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T12:25:58Z","timestamp":1637065558000},"page":"599-606","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Anticholinergic Medication Burden in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Outpatients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Huma","family":"Nawaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lana","family":"Sargent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"},{"name":"Geriatric Pharmacotherapy Program, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Inclusion, Inquiry & Innovation (iCubed): Health & Wellness in Aging Populations Core, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helengrace","family":"Quilon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie J.","family":"Cloud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia M.","family":"Testa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon D.","family":"Snider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah K.","family":"Lageman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark S.","family":"Baron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"},{"name":"Southeast Veterans Affairs Parkinson\u2019s Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center (PADRECC), Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian D.","family":"Berman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Zimmerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elvin T.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"},{"name":"Geriatric Pharmacotherapy Program, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Inclusion, Inquiry & Innovation (iCubed): Health & Wellness in Aging Populations Core, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitai D.","family":"Mukhopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212769_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.229","article-title":"Drugs with anticholinergic properties, cognitive decline, and dementia in an elderly general population: The 3-City Study","volume":"169","author":"Carri\u00e8re","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Intern 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