{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T20:49:07Z","timestamp":1784839747548,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644883200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Self-stigma in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) can substantially impact quality of life and possibilities for social participation. An integrative analysis of determinants of self-stigma has been lacking. Objective: We sought to explore which complementary insights from qualitative and quantitative studies, as well as from expert consultation, could be gained. Methods: An established mixed methods study design was employed to first conduct a mixed methods scoping review of published qualitative and quantitative literature, and then consult with experts to arrive at an exhaustive list of determinants of self-stigma after a thematic synthesis. Results: A total of 87 unique determinants of self-stigma were identified. Quantitative studies and expert consultations mainly identified personal determinants of people with self-stigma (e.g., age, anxiety, or apathy). In contrast, qualitative studies identified social situations associated with self-stigma (e.g., joint meals of people with typical PD with others). Notably, self-stigma of people with PD was found to be particularly salient in unfamiliar places, at the working place or in contact with people without PD. Across methods, cognitive impairment, tremor, and abnormal walk and unsteady gait, respectively, were associated with self-stigma. Conclusion: The mixed method study design yielded complementary insights, but also factors commonly associated with self-stigma across methods. Future prioritization exercises may gain further insights into self-stigma of people with PD. Facilitating social encounters by both addressing needs of affected people and raising knowledge and public awareness may improve quality of life in people with PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jpd-212869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T11:42:43Z","timestamp":1637926963000},"page":"509-522","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Determinants of Self-Stigma in People with Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Mixed Methods Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Anne-Marie","family":"Hanff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the NCER-PD Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja K.","family":"Leist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00eblle V.","family":"Fritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Pauly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parkinson Research Clinic (PRC), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg"},{"name":"Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rejko","family":"Kr\u00fcger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg"},{"name":"Parkinson Research Clinic (PRC), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg"},{"name":"Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margareta","family":"Halek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health, School of Nursing, University Witten\/Herdecke, Witten, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212869_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.14.2.223","article-title":"An essay on the shaking palsy. 1817","volume":"14","author":"Parkinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212869_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.ep10933386","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease as a problem of shame in public appearance","volume":"17","author":"Nijhof","year":"1995","journal-title":"Sociol Health Illn"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-212869_ref3","unstructured":"Goffman E (1991) Stigma and social identity. 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