{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:56:36Z","timestamp":1791233796305,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644969600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prodromal phase of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) can last up to 20 years and is characterized by a variety of non-motor symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the prevalence of a selection of non-motor symptoms known to be associated with an increased risk of developing PD in a late middle-aged population-based sample and to determine their association with motor function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At a mean age of 60.3 years, 775 subjects were recruited from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). Hyposmia, cognitive impairment, patient-reported constipation, possible REM-sleep behavior disorder, depression, and anxiety were indexed as known PD risk factors. Additionally, 1) the PD screening questionnaire, 2) four physical performance tests, and 3) a functional limitations questionnaire, were used to determine whether the presence of two or more PD risk factors was associated with reduced motor function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of single risk factors ranged between 3 and 13%. Approximately 11% of subjects had two or more PD risk factors. Motor functioning of subjects with two or more PD risk factors was significantly worse than performance of subjects without or with a single risk factor (all p values\u22640.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximately 11% of the late middle-aged population has two or more known PD risk factors. Among these subjects self-perceived PD symptoms and reduced physical performance are more prevalent, suggesting that at least some of these subjects may be in the prodromal phase of PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/jpd-213007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T11:50:09Z","timestamp":1645185009000},"page":"967-974","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Prevalence of Prodromal Symptoms of Parkinson\u2019s Disease in the Late Middle-Aged Population"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7961-1768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dareia S.","family":"Roos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The 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