{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:37:28Z","timestamp":1792679848211,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Previous studies described a parkinsonian personality characterized as rigid, introverted, and cautious; however, little is known about personality traits in de novo Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) patients and their relationships with motor and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Objective: To investigate personality in de novo PD and explore its relationship with PD symptoms. Methods: Using Cloninger\u2019s biosocial model, we assessed personality in 193 de novo PD patients. Motor and non-motor symptoms were measured using several validated scales. Cluster analysis was conducted to investigate the interrelationship of personality traits, motor, and non-motor symptoms. Results: PD patients showed low novelty seeking, high harm avoidance, and normal reward dependence and persistence scores. Harm avoidance was positively correlated with the severity of depression, anxiety, and apathy (rs\u200a=\u200a[0.435, 0.676], p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001) and negatively correlated with quality of life (rs\u200a=\u200a\u20130.492, p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001). Novelty seeking, reward dependence, and persistence were negatively correlated with apathy (rs\u200a=\u200a[\u20130.274, \u20130.375], p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001). Classification of patients according to personality and PD symptoms revealed 3 distinct clusters: i) neuropsychiatric phenotype (with high harm avoidance and low novelty seeking, hypodopaminergic neuropsychiatric symptoms and higher impulsivity), ii) motor phenotype (with low novelty seeking and higher motor severity), iii) benign phenotype (with low harm avoidance and high novelty seeking, reward dependence, and persistence traits clustered with lower symptoms severity and low impulsivity). Conclusion: Personality in early PD patients allows us to recognize 3 patients\u2019 phenotypes. Identification of such subgroups may help to better understand their natural history. Their longitudinal follow-up will allow confirming whether some personality features might influence disease evolution and treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jpd-213070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T11:27:02Z","timestamp":1651836422000},"page":"1665-1676","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Early Parkinson\u2019s Disease Phenotypes Tailored by Personality, Behavior, and Motor Symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Bruna","family":"Meira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Movement Disorders Center, Neurology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Honeymoon study group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eug\u00e9nie","family":"Lhomm\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders Center, Neurology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Klinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, H\u00f4pital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Neurologie C, Centre Expert Parkinson, Lyon, France"},{"name":"Univ Lyon, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, Bron, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Am\u00e9lie","family":"Bichon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"P\u00e9lissier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders Center, Neurology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Anheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Neurologie, H\u00f4pital de Hautepierre, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire, (IGBMC), INSERM-U964\/CNRS-UMR7104\/, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France"},{"name":"F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de M\u00e9decine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Tranchant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Neurologie, H\u00f4pital de Hautepierre, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire, (IGBMC), INSERM-U964\/CNRS-UMR7104\/, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France"},{"name":"F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de M\u00e9decine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Fraix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Meoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franck","family":"Durif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, NPsy-Sydo, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Neurology Department, Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Luc","family":"Houeto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Limoges, UMR1094 INSERM, Universit\u00e9 de Limoges, Limoges, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Philippe","family":"Azulay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology and Pathology Department of the Movement, University 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