{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:06:54Z","timestamp":1791893214480,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657238400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Abnormal respiratory function tests can be observed early in the course of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD). A better understanding of the impact of respiratory dysfunction on daily life in PD is needed to prevent later occurring complications as a (aspiration) pneumonia. Objective: To explain which respiratory symptoms people with PD or a form of atypical parkinsonism experience and how these symptoms impact on their daily lives. Methods: This qualitative study used a grounded theory approach. A purposeful sample strategy was used to capture information-rich cases. Data were collected in semi-structured interviews with participants diagnosed with either PD (n\u200a=\u200a11) or atypical parkinsonism (n\u200a=\u200a3), all of whom had confirmed respiratory symptoms. Data were analyzed using grounded theory analysis by creating codes, categories, theoretical themes, and, ultimately, a conceptual model. Results: Four respiratory profiles emerged, describing different types of respiratory dysfunction, with various positive and negative influencing factors. First, a loss of breathing automatism was experienced. Second, episodes of breathlessness or a rapid, shallow breathing pattern were triggered by either physical exertion, fatigue, or postural deformities. Third, stress and anxiety also triggered episodes of breathlessness. Fourth, a decreased cough strength and frequent coughing. Based on these findings, we constructed a conceptual model that visualizes the relations between these four types of respiratory dysfunction and their impact on daily life, with \u2018discomfort\u2019 and \u2018avoidance of social activities\u2019 as crucial elements. Conclusion: A tailored approach for each profile of respiratory dysfunction is recommended to improve respiratory dysfunction and to reduce its social impact in people with PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jpd-213121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T11:24:11Z","timestamp":1653650651000},"page":"1677-1691","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Experienced Respiratory Symptoms and the Impact on Daily Life from the Perspective of People with Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Grounded Theory"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Veerle A.","family":"van de Wetering-van Dongen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Rehabilitation, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maarten J.","family":"Nijkrake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Rehabilitation, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niek","family":"Koenders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"van der Wees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation and IQ Healthcare, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bastiaan R.","family":"Bloem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna G.","family":"Kalf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Rehabilitation, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-213121_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00724","article-title":"Dysregulation of respiratory center drive (P0.1) and muscle strength in patients with early stage idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-213121_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PHM.0000133436.61009.02","article-title":"Effects of 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