{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T02:24:32Z","timestamp":1790648672792,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"s1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664236800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies often exhibit autoimmune features, including CD4+ and some CD8+ T lymphocytes that recognize epitopes derived from alpha-synuclein. While neurons have long been considered to not present antigens, recent data indicate that they can be induced to do so, particularly in response to interferons and other forms of stress. Here, we review literature on neuronal antigen presentation and its potential role in PD. Although direct evidence for CD8+ T cell-mediated neuronal death is lacking in PD, neuronal antigen presentation appears central to the pathology of Rasmussen\u2019s encephalitis, a pediatric neurological disorder driven by cytotoxic T cell infiltration and neuroinflammation. Emerging data suggest that T cells enter the brain in PD and other synucleinopathies, where the majority of neuromelanin-containing substantia nigra and locus coeruleus neurons express MHC Class I molecules. In cell culture, CD8+ T cell recognition of antigen:MHC Class I complexes on neuronal membranes leads to cytotoxic responses and neuronal cell death. Recent animal models suggest the possibility of T cell autoreactivity to mitochondrial antigens in PD. It remains unclear if neuronal antigen presentation plays a role in PD or other neurodegenerative disorders, and efforts are underway to better elucidate the potential impact of autoimmune responses on neurodegeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jpd-223153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T13:56:43Z","timestamp":1646402203000},"page":"S137-S147","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Neuronal Presentation of Antigen and Its Possible Role in Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Benjamin D.","family":"Hobson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Sulzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Aligning Science Across Parkinson\u2019s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223153_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-7915(93)90077-6","article-title":"Cell biology of antigen presentation","volume":"5","author":"Neefjes","year":"1993","journal-title":"Curr Opin 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