{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T22:57:27Z","timestamp":1783033047376,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662076800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is prodromal for Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Objective: We investigated the use of cardiac [123I]meta-iodo-benzyl-guanidine scintigraphy ([123I]MIBG) and olfactory testing\u2014 in comparison to [123I]N-\u03c9-fluoropropyl-2\u03b2-carbomethoxy-3\u03b2-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane single photon emission computed tomography ([123I]FP-CIT-SPECT)\u2014 for identifying iRBD patients as prodromal phenotype of PD\/DLB. Methods: 37 RBD subjects underwent cardiac [123I]MIBG and brain [123I]FP-CIT-SPECT at baseline. Olfactory (Sniffin\u2019 Sticks), cognitive and motor functions were tested annually for \u223c4 years. Results: 29\/37 (78.4%) subjects had a pathological [123I]MIBG, of whom 86.2% (25\/29) presented at least a moderate hyposmia at baseline (threshold\/discrimination\/identification-(TDI-)score \u226425). 20\/37 (54.1%) subjects had a pathological [123I]FP-CIT-SPECT, always combined with a pathological [123I]MIBG. In subjects with pathological [123I]MIBG, olfactory function worsened (mainly due to threshold and discrimination subscores) from baseline to follow-up (p\u200a=\u200a0.005). Olfaction was more impaired in subjects with pathological [123I]MIBG compared to those with normal [123I]MIBG at baseline (p\u200a=\u200a0.001) and follow-up (p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001). UPDRS-III scores increased in subjects with both pathological [123I]MIBG and [123I]FP-CIT-SPECT. In this group, seven subjects phenoconverted to PD, all\u2014 except for one\u2014 presented with at least moderate hyposmia at baseline. Conclusion: A combination of the biomarkers \u201cpathological [123I]MIBG\u201d and \u201chyposmia\u201d likely identifies iRBD patients in an early prodromal stage of PD\/DLB, i.e., before nigrostriatal degeneration is visualized. One-third of the subjects with pathological [123I]MIBG had a normal [123I]FP-CIT-SPECT. Noteworthy, in iRBD subjects with pathological [123I]MIBG, olfactory impairment is progressive independent of the [123I]FP-CIT-SPECT status.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jpd-223201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T11:43:52Z","timestamp":1656071032000},"page":"1921-1935","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Progressive Olfactory Impairment and Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Annette","family":"Janzen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Vadasz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Booij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Luster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damiano","family":"Librizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin T.","family":"Henrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Timmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahboubeh","family":"Habibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Sittig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geert","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hephata Clinic, Treysa, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanni","family":"Geibl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Oertel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223201_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5332","article-title":"The clinical phenotype of idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder at presentation: A study in 203 consecutive 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