{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T09:57:21Z","timestamp":1777888641645,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) and rest tremor may also have tremor during posture holding, with tremor being transiently suppressed during the transition between resting and posture holding. Other PD patients show no tremor suppression between resting and posture holding. The mechanisms responsible for tremor suppression in PD are unknown. Understanding the mechanisms of tremor suppression would expand our knowledge of tremor pathophysiology in\u00a0PD. Objective: To investigate whether tremor suppression reflects the activity of the primary motor cortex (M1) and assess whether tremor features are different in patients with and without tremor suppression. Methods: We compared corticomuscular coherence (CMC) at tremor frequency and transcranial magnetic stimulation tremor resetting between 10 PD patients with tremor suppression and 10 patients without suppression. We also compared tremor spectral features between the two groups. Results: Patients with tremor suppression had higher CMC at tremor frequency during both rest tremor and postural tremor, and a higher postural tremor resetting index and stability when compared with patients without tremor suppression. Rest tremor frequency was similar between the two groups, but postural tremor frequency was lower in patients with tremor suppression as compared to patients without. Conclusion: M1 plays a major role in tremor suppression in PD, and the mechanisms of postural tremor may differ between patients with and without tremor suppression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jpd-223316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T11:23:44Z","timestamp":1657279424000},"page":"1957-1963","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Role of the Motor Cortex in Tremor Suppression in Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Leodori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Ilenia","family":"De Bartolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Fabbrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Costanzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Mancuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Belvisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Conte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Fabbrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Berardelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27121","article-title":"Consensus Statement on the classification of tremors. from the task force on tremor of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society","volume":"33","author":"Bhatia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx376","article-title":"Progression of tremor in early stages of Parkinson\u2019s disease: A clinical and neuroimaging study","volume":"141","author":"Pasquini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.03.013","article-title":"Rest tremor suppression may separate essential from parkinsonian rest tremor","volume":"19","author":"Papengut","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S87","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(11)70028-1","article-title":"The phenomenology of parkinsonian tremor","volume":"18","author":"Deuschl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.67.5.646","article-title":"Re-emergent tremor of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"67","author":"Jankovic","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.12.012","article-title":"Re-emergent tremor in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"36","author":"Belvisi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13619","article-title":"Re-emergent tremor in Parkinson\u2019s disease: The effect of dopaminergic treatment","volume":"25","author":"Belvisi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28022","article-title":"Re-emergent tremor in Parkinson\u2019s disease: The role of the motor cortex","volume":"35","author":"Leodori","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.04.041","article-title":"Re-emergent tremor in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A clinical and electromyographic study","volume":"366","author":"Mailankody","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1095","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005215","article-title":"The nature of postural tremor in Parkinson disease","volume":"90","author":"Dirkx","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870040207","article-title":"Volitional control of involuntary movements","volume":"4","author":"Koller","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnp.2019.11.004","article-title":"Tremoroton, a new free online platform for tremor analysis","volume":"5","author":"Vial","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol Pract"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410330510","article-title":"Modulation of postural wrist tremors by magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease or essential tremor and in normal subjects mimicking tremor","volume":"33","author":"Britton","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880170716","article-title":"Resetting of essential tremor and postural tremor in Parkinson\u2019s disease with transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"17","author":"Pascual-Leone","year":"1994","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12022","article-title":"EFNS\/MDS-ES\/ENS [corrected] recommendations for the diagnosis of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"20","author":"Berardelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26424","article-title":"MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Postuma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.02.010","article-title":"Resetting tremor by single and paired transcranial magnetic stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease and essential tremor","volume":"126","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410310508","article-title":"\u201cResetting\u201d of postural tremors at the wrist with mechanical stretches in Parkinson\u2019s disease, essential tremor, and normal subjects mimicking tremor","volume":"31","author":"Britton","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.50.6.691","article-title":"Stretch reflex oscillations and essential tremor","volume":"50","author":"Elble","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410100606","article-title":"Resetting of tremor by mechanical perturbations: A comparison of essential tremor and parkinsonian tremor","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.088","article-title":"Oscillating central motor networks in pathological tremors and voluntary movements. What makes the difference?","volume":"60","author":"Muthuraman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy098","article-title":"Cerebello-cortical network fingerprints differ between essential, Parkinson\u2019s and mimicked tremors","volume":"141","author":"Muthuraman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(00)00248-0","article-title":"Tremor-correlated cortical activity detected by electroencephalography","volume":"111","author":"Hellwig","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2015.06.034","article-title":"Cortico-muscular coherence parallels coherence of postural tremor and MEG during static muscle contraction","volume":"602","author":"Airaksinen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116177","article-title":"Coupling between human brain activity and body movements: Insights from non-invasive electromagnetic recordings","volume":"203","author":"Bourguignon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22221","article-title":"Involvement of the cerebellothalamocortical pathway in Parkinson disease","volume":"68","author":"Ni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3206","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws023","article-title":"Cerebral causes and consequences of parkinsonian resting tremor: A tale of two circuits?","volume":"135","author":"Helmich","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.36.2.225","article-title":"Physiologic and essential tremor","volume":"36","author":"Elble","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(96)00042-1","article-title":"The basal ganglia: Focused selection and inhibition of competing motor programs","volume":"50","author":"Mink","year":"1996","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-011-2610-6","article-title":"Surround inhibition in the motor system","volume":"210","author":"Beck","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2012658118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2012658118","article-title":"Area-specific thalamocortical synchronization underlies the transition from motor planning to execution","volume":"118","author":"Nashef","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22361","article-title":"Pallidal dysfunction drives a cerebellothalamic circuit into Parkinson tremor","volume":"69","author":"Helmich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6360-3_14","article-title":"Differential diagnosis of tremor","volume":"56","author":"Deuschl","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neural Transm Suppl"},{"key":"10.3233\/JPD-223316_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22578","article-title":"Levo-sulpiride-induced resting orolingual tremor","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mov Disord"}],"container-title":["Journal of Parkinson's Disease"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/JPD-223316","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T04:52:01Z","timestamp":1777611121000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/JPD-223316"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jpd-223316","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-7171","1877-718X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-7171","type":"print"},{"value":"1877-718X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]]}}}