{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T12:15:09Z","timestamp":1782476109974,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), especially the \u201cL-dopa-unresponsive\u201d subtype, is associated with the dysfunction of non-dopaminergic circuits. Objective: We sought to determine whether cortical sensorimotor inhibition evaluated by short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) related to cholinergic and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic activities is impaired in PD patients with L-dopa-unresponsive FOG (ONOFF-FOG). Methods: SAI protocol was performed in 28 PD patients with ONOFF-FOG, 15 PD patients with \u201coff\u201d FOG (OFF-FOG), and 25 PD patients without FOG during medication \u201con\u201d state. Additionally, 10 ONOFF-FOG patients underwent SAI testing during both \u201coff\u201d and \u201con\u201d states. Twenty healthy controls participated in this study. Gait was measured objectively using a portable Inertial Measurement Unit system, and participants performed 5-meter Timed Up and Go single- and dual-task conditions. Spatiotemporal gait characteristics and their variability were determined. FOG manifestations and cognition were assessed with clinical scales. Results: Compared to controls, PD patients without FOG and with OFF-FOG, ONOFF-FOG PD patients showed significantly reduced SAI. Further, dopaminergic therapy had no remarkable effect on this SAI alterations in ONOFF-FOG. Meanwhile, OFF-FOG patients presented decreased SAI only relative to controls. PD patients with ONOFF-FOG exhibited decreased gait speed, stride length, and increased gait variability relative to PD patients without FOG and controls under both walking conditions. For ONOFF-FOG patients, significant associations were found between SAI and FOG severity, gait characteristics and variability. Conclusion: Reduced SAI was associated with severe FOG manifestations, impaired gait characteristics and variability in PD patients with ONOFF-FOG, suggesting the impaired thalamocortical cholinergic-GABAergic SAI pathways underlying ONOFF-FOG.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jpd-223498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T13:32:35Z","timestamp":1670333555000},"page":"2507-2518","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Reduced Short-Latency Afferent Inhibition in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Patients with L-dopa-Unresponsive Freezing of Gait"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lina","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First 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