{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T09:58:23Z","timestamp":1777888703567,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686873600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Large prospective studies are essential for investigating the environmental causes of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), but PD diagnosis via clinical exams is often infeasible in such studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To present case ascertainment strategy and data collection in a US cohort of women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the Sister Study ( n\u200a=\u200a50,884, baseline ages 55.6\u00b19.0), physician-made PD diagnoses were first reported by participants or their proxies. Cohort-wide follow-up surveys collected data on subsequent diagnoses, medication usage and PD-relevant motor and nonmotor symptoms. We contacted self-reported PD cases and their treating physicians to obtain relevant diagnostic and treatment history. Diagnostic adjudication was made via expert review of all available data, except nonmotor symptoms. We examined associations of nonmotor symptoms with incident PD, using multivariable logistic regression models and reported odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 371 potential PD cases identified, 242 diagnoses were confirmed. Compared with unconfirmed cases, confirmed cases were more likely to report PD diagnosis from multiple sources, medication usage, and motor and nonmotor features consistently during the follow-up. PD polygenic risk score was associated with confirmed PD (ORinter-quartile range\u200a=\u200a1.74, 95% CI: 1.45\u20132.10), but not with unconfirmed cases (corresponding OR\u200a=\u200a1.05). Hyposmia, dream-enacting behaviors, constipation, depression, unexplained weight loss, dry eyes, dry mouth, and fatigue were significantly related to PD risk, with ORs from 1.71 to 4.88. Only one of the eight negative control symptoms was associated with incident PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings support our PD case ascertainment approach in this large cohort of women. PD prodromal presentation is likely beyond its well-documented profile.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/jpd-230053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T10:55:31Z","timestamp":1686912931000},"page":"729-742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Parkinson\u2019s Disease Case Ascertainment in the Sister Study: A Cohort for Environmental Health Research"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zichun","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shengfang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenxi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhehui","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aimee A.","family":"D\u2019Aloisio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social & Scientific Systems, a DLH Holdings Corporation, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lourdes","family":"Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social & Scientific Systems, a DLH Holdings Corporation, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dena G.","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew B.","family":"Singleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA"},{"name":"Center for Alzheimer\u2019s and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dale P.","family":"Sandler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle 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