{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T08:32:47Z","timestamp":1780734767699,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713916800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is caused by the misfolding and aggregation of \u03b1-synuclein in neurons into toxic oligomers and fibrils that have prion-like properties allowing them to infect healthy neurons and to be transmitted to animal models of PD by injection or oral exposure. Given \u03b1-synuclein fibrils\u2019 potential transmission on the gut-brain axis, \u03b1-synuclein may be transmitted through colonoscopy procedures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examines a possible association between colonoscopy and PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Longitudinal health insurance data of 250,000 individuals aged 50+ from 2004\u20132019 was analyzed. Cox proportional hazard and competing risk models with death as a competing event were estimated to calculate the risk of PD. Colonoscopy was categorized as never receiving colonoscopy, colorectal cancer (CRC) screening without or with biopsy, destruction or excision (BDE), and diagnostic colonoscopy without or with BDE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 6,422 new cases of PD among 221,582 individuals. The Cox model revealed a significantly increased risk of PD for patients who ever had a diagnostic colonoscopy without or with BDE (HR\u200a=\u200a1.31; 95% CI: [ 1.23\u20131.40 ]; HR\u200a=\u200a1.32 [ 1.22\u20131.42 ]) after adjustment for age and sex. After controlling for covariates and death, persons who ever underwent CRC screening had a 40% reduced risk of PD (CRHR\u200a=\u200a0.60 [0.54\u20130.67]), while persons who underwent diagnostic colonoscopy had a 20% reduced risk of PD (CRHR\u200a=\u200a0.81 [0.75\u20130.88]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Colonoscopy does not increase the risk of PD, after adjusting for death and covariates. Individuals who underwent only CRC screening had the lowest risk of PD, which may be a result of a more health-conscious lifestyle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/jpd-240017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T14:08:42Z","timestamp":1714140522000},"page":"747-760","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Colonoscopy and Subsequent Risk of Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Anna-Victoria","family":"Holtz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases(DZNE), Demographic Studies, Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"University of Rostock, Institute for Sociology and Demography, Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Fink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases(DZNE), Demographic Studies, Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcltekin","family":"Tamg\u00fcney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, Institute of Biological Information Processing \u2013 Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), J\u00fclich, Germany"},{"name":"Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakult\u00e4t, Institut f\u00fcr Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Doblhammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases(DZNE), Demographic Studies, Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"University of Rostock, Institute for Sociology and Demography, Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/42166"},{"key":"ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2022.105625"},{"key":"ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(02)00065-9"},{"key":"ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.11.012"},{"key":"ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1227157"},{"key":"ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.05.035"},{"key":"ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa096"},{"key":"ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-019-02037-5"},{"key":"ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24648"},{"key":"ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-023-00458-4"},{"key":"ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11020207"},{"key":"ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12592"},{"key":"ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009004"},{"key":"ref014","unstructured":"WeberC, BlumensteinI (2021) Die Darmkrebsvorsorge wird vollj\u00e4hrig \u2013Bilanz und Ausblick. Hessisches \u00c4rzteblatt, pp. 380-384."},{"key":"ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-150691"},{"key":"ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-017-1762-2"},{"key":"ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28856-2"},{"key":"ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2015.03.003"},{"key":"ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-315308"},{"key":"ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-018-0289-2"},{"key":"ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12694"},{"key":"ref022","unstructured":"R\u00f6schT, Zimmermann-FraedrichK, FaissS, DenzerU, LerchMM, MoogG (2015) S2k Leitlinie Qualit\u00e4tsanforderungen in der gatrointestinalen Endoskopie: Kapitel 4.5 Koloskopie, AWMF Register Nr. 021-022."},{"key":"ref023","unstructured":"IQWiG (2022) Leitliniensynopse zur organisierten Darmkrebsfr\u00fcherkennung, https:\/\/www.iqwig.de\/download\/s21-02_leitliniensynopse-zur-organisierten-darmkrebsfrueherkennung_rapid-report_v1-0.pdf."},{"key":"ref024","unstructured":"Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft, Deutsche Krebshilfe, AWMF (2019) S3- Leitlinie Kolorektales Karzinom, Langversion, http:\/\/www.leitlinienprogramm-onkologie.de\/leitlinien\/kolorektales-karzinom\/."},{"key":"ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2208375"},{"key":"ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-145-12-200612190-00004"},{"key":"ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clcc.2015.07.004"},{"key":"ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.3902"},{"key":"ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-191729"},{"key":"ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.0003"},{"key":"ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1741-5724"},{"key":"ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(98)70153-1"},{"key":"ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2014.01.014"},{"key":"ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-013-3756-1"},{"key":"ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.09.017"},{"key":"ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.02767.x"},{"key":"ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2023.3798"},{"key":"ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d6395"},{"key":"ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01376517-199508000-00007"},{"key":"ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000151960.28687.93"},{"key":"ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.08.006"},{"key":"ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2012.06.017"},{"key":"ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036392"},{"key":"ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-09-0135"},{"key":"ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pu.08.050187.000551"},{"key":"ref046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2008.084954"},{"key":"ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-008-0327-z"},{"key":"ref048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004337"},{"key":"ref049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10487"},{"key":"ref050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111161"},{"key":"ref051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2008.03.007"},{"key":"ref052","first-page":"679","volume":"67","author":"Klerk de CM","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.0618"},{"key":"ref054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01798536"},{"key":"ref055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.02.008"},{"key":"ref056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.1948"},{"key":"ref057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-13-190"},{"key":"ref058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2012.07.007"},{"key":"ref059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22242"},{"key":"ref060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1275711"},{"key":"ref061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08101.x"},{"key":"ref062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.09.028"}],"container-title":["Journal of Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JPD-240017","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/JPD-240017","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JPD-240017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T04:53:41Z","timestamp":1777611221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/JPD-240017"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/JPD-240017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jpd-240017","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-7171","1877-718X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-7171","type":"print"},{"value":"1877-718X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]}}}