{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T02:04:31Z","timestamp":1777860271850,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JRS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: The vaccine\/autism controversy has caused vast scientific and public confusion, and it has set back research and education into genuine vaccine-induced neurological disorders. The great strawman of autism has been so emphasized by the vaccine industry that it, and it alone, often appears in authoritative discussions of adverse effects of the MMR and other vaccines. By dismissing the chimerical vaccine\/autism controversy, vaccine defenders often dismiss all genuinely neurological aftereffects of the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) and other vaccines, including well-documented events, such as relatively rare cases of encephalopathy and encephalitis. OBJECTIVE: This report explains that autism is not a physical or neurological disorder. It is not caused by injury or disease of the brain. It is a developmental disorder that has no physical origins and no physical symptoms. It is extremely unlikely that vaccines are causing autism; but it is extremely likely that they are causing more neurological damage than currently appreciated, some of it resulting in psychosocial disabilities that can be confused with autism and other psychosocial disorders. This confusion between a developmental, psychosocial disorder and a physical neurological disease has played into the hands of interest groups who want to deny that vaccines have any neurological and associated neuropsychiatric effects. METHODS: A review of the scientific literature, textbooks, and related media commentary is integrated with basic clinical knowledge. RESULTS: This report shows how scientific sources have used the vaccine\/autism controversy to avoid dealing with genuine neurological risks associated with vaccines and summarizes evidence that vaccines, including the MMR, can cause serious neurological disorders. Manufacturers have been allowed by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to gain vaccine approval without placebo-controlled clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS: The misleading vaccine autism controversy must be set aside in favor of examining actual neurological harms associated with vaccines, including building on existing research that has been ignored. Manufacturers of vaccines must be required to conduct placebo-controlled clinical studies for existing vaccines and for government approval of new vaccines. Many probable or confirmed neurological adverse events occur within a few days or weeks after immunization and could be detected if the trials were sufficiently large. Contrary to current opinion, large, long-term placebo-controlled trials of existing and new vaccines would be relatively easy and safe to conduct.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jrs-200052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T15:49:57Z","timestamp":1598975397000},"page":"25-39","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Moving past the vaccine\/autism controversy - to examine potential vaccine neurological harms"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Peter R.","family":"Breggin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":", , , , USA"},{"name":", USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/JRS-200052_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1086\/596476","article-title":"Vaccines and autism: A tale of shifting hypotheses","volume":"48","author":"Gerber","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JRS-200052_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2017.1384433","article-title":"From social media to mainstream news: The information flow of the vaccine-autism controversy in the US, Canada, and the UK","volume":"34","author":"Jang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Health Communications"},{"key":"10.3233\/JRS-200052_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2019.102284","article-title":"Confirmatory bias in health decisions: Evidence from the MMR-autism controversy","volume":"70","author":"Qian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Health Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/JRS-200052_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1754086","DOI":"10.1080\/17482631.2020.1754086","article-title":"Vaccines and autism: A preliminary qualitative study on the beliefs of concerned mothers in Italy","volume":"15","author":"Pivetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.3233\/JRS-200052_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp078168","article-title":"Cases in vaccine court\u2014legal battles over vaccines and autism","volume":"357","author":"Sugarman","year":"2007","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.3233\/JRS-200052_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c2803","article-title":"Wakefield is struck off for the \u201cserious and wide-ranging findings against him\u201d","author":"Kmietowicz","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.3233\/JRS-200052_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doja A, Roberts W. 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