{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:25:48Z","timestamp":1777890348989,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,19]],"date-time":"2016-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Renal failure is common in the NICU; Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) occurs in 8\u201324% of admissions. Although AKI is preventable with early diagnosis, no reliable AKI biomarkers exist. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been implicated in renal pathogenesis, and elevated urinary ET-1 (uET-1) levels may correlate with progression of renal dysfunction. The study objectives were to determine whether uET-1 levels correlate with renal function parameters and\/or fetal growth restriction, and if uET-1 is a potential neonatal AKI biomarker.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>METHODS: Sixty-three neonates were enrolled and divided into gestational age (GA) groups by weeks: 1) (24\u201330 6\/7; n\u200a=\u200a24); 2) (31\u201336 6\/7; n\u200a=\u200a26); and 3) (37\u201342; n\u200a=\u200a13). Additional preterm subgroups for fetal growth restriction analysis included: 1) Appropriate for GA (AGA; n\u200a=\u200a40), and 2) Small for GA (SGA; n\u200a=\u200a10). ET-1 levels, measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, were collected at birth (cord blood) and 24\u200ah ( \u00b1 4) of life (blood\/urine).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>RESULTS: No correlation was found between uET-1 and blood plasma levels at birth ( r\u200a=\u200a0.15; p\u200a&gt;\u200a0.05) or 24\u200ah ( r\u200a=\u200a0.17; p\u200a&gt;\u200a0.05). uET-1 negatively correlated with GA ( r\u200a=\u200a\u20130.44; p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001) and GFR ( r\u200a=\u200a\u20130.34; p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.01). uET-1 levels did not correlate with creatinine ( r\u200a=\u200a0.13; p\u200a&gt;\u200a0.05), BUN ( r\u200a=\u200a0.19; p\u200a&gt;\u200a0.05), BUN\/Cr ratio ( r\u200a=\u200a0.15; p\u200a&gt;\u200a0.05), or urinary output ( r\u200a=\u200a0.12; p\u200a&gt;\u200a0.05). In fetal growth restriction subgroup analyses: uET-1 levels negatively correlated with GFR in the PT\u2013AGA subgroup ( r\u200a=\u200a\u20130.38; p\u200a=\u200a0.017), but not with PT\u2013SGA ( r\u200a=\u200a0.01; p\u200a&gt;\u200a0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>CONCLUSION: Plasma and uET-1 levels did not correlate; therefore, renal ET-1 excretion may reflect renal ET-1 production. uET-1 levels correlated negatively with GA and GFR. uET-1 may be a marker of impaired neonatal circulatory regulation and consequent renal injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/npm-16915078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]],"date-time":"2016-06-23T03:10:51Z","timestamp":1466651451000},"page":"145-152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Endothelin-1 levels and renal function in newborns of various gestational ages"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Stefanov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital\/Advocate Children\u2019s Hospital, Park Ridge, IL, USA"},{"name":"Advocate Medical Group, Park Ridge, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.L.","family":"Puppala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital\/Advocate Children\u2019s Hospital, Park Ridge, IL, USA"},{"name":"Advocate Medical Group, Park Ridge, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Pais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Gulati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000159512.55862.69"},{"key":"ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003756"},{"key":"ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)81552-5"},{"key":"ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200907-1126OC"},{"key":"ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2006.01689.x"},{"key":"ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mnh.0000186852.15889.1a"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref007","first-page":"36","volume":"45","author":"Richter CM","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rheumatology 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