{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:26:27Z","timestamp":1777890387369,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]],"date-time":"2018-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527033600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]]},"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n Despite widespread implementation, limited data exists relating morbidity or adverse outcomes to Car Seat Tolerance Screen (CSTS) result in preterm and low birth weight (LBW) neonates. The objective of this study was to determine longer term post-discharge outcomes of infants who failed a CSTS.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n We performed a case control study evaluating outcomes of infants born over one year who failed vs. passed an initial CSTS, utilizing both retrospective medical record review and parental survey data 2\u20133 years after discharge. Subjects were matched one case of failed CSTS to two controls who passed CSTS based on sex, gestational age, and BW. We performed bivariate analysis of clinical and demographic risk factors comparing those who passed vs. failed CSTS.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n \n We identified 19 subjects who failed and matched to 37 controls. Cases were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.027), asthma (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.016), and be treated with albuterol (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.008). We did not find differences in frequency of urgent care visits or hospital admissions between the groups. Although more of the cases were noted to have developmental delays, the difference was not statistically significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n This is the first study to evaluate longer term post-discharge outcomes of subjects having undergone CSTS. Subjects who failed CSTS had significantly increased incidence of respiratory diagnoses such as OSA and asthma than matched controls by 2\u20133 years after discharge. Larger studies are necessary to further evaluate these findings, but this does provide data that CSTS may be useful in identifying at risk neonates.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/npm-1785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,25]],"date-time":"2018-05-25T11:14:05Z","timestamp":1527246845000},"page":"249-255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Post-discharge outcomes of failed car seat tolerance screens: A case-control and follow-up study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland School of Medicine","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.L.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland School of Medicine","place":["USA"]},{"name":"University of Maryland","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(89)80854-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(86)80379-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.3.647"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0559"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-2775"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"16","article-title":"Factors associated with car seat test failure in late preterm infants: A retrospective chart review","volume":"21","author":"Smith R","year":"2016","unstructured":"SmithR, MohamedA, YoungJ, JefferiesA, ShahV. Factors associated with car seat test failure in late preterm infants: A retrospective chart review. Paediatr Child Health. 2016;21(1):16\u201320.","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.75.2.336"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2013.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.09.072"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3527"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"CD005386","article-title":"Pre-discharge \u201ccar seat challenge\u201d for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants","volume":"1","author":"Pilley E","year":"2006","unstructured":"PilleyE, McGuireW. Pre-discharge \u201ccar seat challenge\u201d for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;1(1):CD005386.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/21.3.155"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-007-9021-2"},{"issue":"1152","key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"193","article-title":"Positional upper airways narrowing and an apparent life threatening event","volume":"115","author":"Tonkin SL","year":"2002","unstructured":"TonkinSL, VogelS, BennetL, GunnAJ. Positional upper airways narrowing and an apparent life threatening event. N Z Med J. 2002;115(1152):193\u20134.","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TonkinSL McIntoshCG HaddenW DakinC RowleyS GunnAJ. Simple car seat insert to prevent upper airway narrowing in preterm infants: A pilot study. Pediatrics. 112(4):907\u201313.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.4.907"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39021.657083.47"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2007.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2007.00584.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/NPM-1785","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/NPM-1785","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/NPM-1785","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:36:42Z","timestamp":1777613802000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/NPM-1785"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/NPM-1785"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/npm-1785","relation":{},"ISSN":["1934-5798","1878-4429"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1934-5798","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-4429","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]]}}}