{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T02:49:29Z","timestamp":1791254969492,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NPM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious, often fatal, disease of neonates. Minimal data exists regarding the optimal method for reintroducing feeds after successful treatment. This study aims to compare outcomes in patients reintroduced to bolus or continuous feeds after treatment for medical NEC. METHODS: A retrospective review of infants treated for medical NEC in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from 2011-2018 was performed. Demographics, information about initial feeds, clinical diagnosis data, and information about reintroduction of feeds were recorded. Patients with significant congenital heart disease or those who required procedures for treatment were excluded. RESULTS: Sixty-one patients were analyzed; 45 were reintroduced to bolus feeds and 16 to continuous feeds. There were no differences between the two groups. Bolus-fed patients reached goal feeds quicker (p\u200a=\u200a0.007), required fewer days of parenteral nutrition (p\u200a=\u200a0.002), had shorter hospital stays (p\u200a=\u200a0.013) and were discharged faster from diagnosis to discharge (p\u200a=\u200a0.002). Differences were confirmed with multivariate regression. CONCLUSION: Infants given bolus feeds reached goal feeds faster, required less time on PN, and were discharged quicker than those fed continuously. This suggests that, compared to continuous feeding, bolus feeding is associated with superior clinical outcomes among patients treated for medical NEC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/npm-200584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T12:51:56Z","timestamp":1608036716000},"page":"397-402","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Bolus versus continuous feedings following treatment for medical necrotizing enterocolitis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"M.L.","family":"Reppucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, The Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai. New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Khetan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, The Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.A.","family":"Coakley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, The Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/NPM-200584_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1543","article-title":"Association of H2-blocker therapy and higher incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in VLBW infants","volume":"117","author":"Guillet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"9543","key":"10.3233\/NPM-200584_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69525-1","article-title":"Necrotizing entercolitis","volume":"368","author":"Lin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.3233\/NPM-200584_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1306263","article-title":"Advanced necrotizing enterocolitis part 1: mortality","volume":"22","author":"Thyoka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/NPM-200584_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2013.11.015","article-title":"Mortality and management of surgical necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight neonates: A prospective cohort study","volume":"218","author":"Hull","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/NPM-200584_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3233\/NPM-171680","article-title":"Standardized slow enteral feeding protocol reduces necrotizing enterocolitis in micropremies","volume":"10","author":"Viswanathan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neonatal Perinatal Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/NPM-200584_ref6","first-page":"8CD001241","article-title":"Slow advancement of enteral feed volumes to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants","author":"Oddie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3233\/NPM-200584_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1586\/1744666X.2014.913481","article-title":"Evidence-based feeding strategies before and after the development of necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"10","author":"Good","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/NPM-200584_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)82213-9","article-title":"Effect of intermittent continuous enteral feeding on energy expenditure in premature infants","volume":"118","author":"Grant","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.3233\/NPM-200584_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1987.04460040097025","article-title":"Enteral feeding in few low-birth-weight infants. A comparison of two nasogastric methods","volume":"141","author":"Tone","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"10.3233\/NPM-200584_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.1.103","article-title":"Slow infusion feedings enhance duodenal motor responses and gastric emptying in preterm infants","volume":"68","author":"de Ville","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3233\/NPM-200584_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199711000-00012","article-title":"Duodenal motor responses in preterm infants fed formula with varying concentrations and rates of infusion","volume":"42","author":"Baker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatric Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/NPM-200584_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.007","article-title":"Continuous milk feeding versus intermittent bolus feeding in preterm infants","author":"Dani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"10.3233\/NPM-200584_ref13","first-page":"783","article-title":"New insights into the nutritional management of newborn infants derived from studies of metabolic and endocrine interrelations during the adaptation to postnatal life","volume":"48","author":"Aynsley-Green","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc Nurt Soc"},{"key":"10.3233\/NPM-200584_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199404000-00017","article-title":"Bolus versus continuous feedings simulate small-intestinal growth and development in the newborn pig","volume":"18","author":"Schulman","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.3233\/NPM-200584_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E674","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00516.2011","article-title":"Anabolic signaling and protein deposition are enhanced by intermittent compared with continuous feeding in skeletal muscles of neonates","volume":"302","author":"El-Kadi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrine Metab"},{"key":"10.3233\/NPM-200584_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2009.129","article-title":"Early enteral feeding in conservatively managed stage II necrotizing enterocolitis is associated with a reduced risk of catheter-related sepsis","volume":"37","author":"Brotschi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/NPM-200584_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1067\/S0022-3476(03)00443-8","article-title":"Early feeding after necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants","volume":"143","author":"Bohnborst","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/NPM-200584_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2018.02.082","article-title":"Time to reintroduction of feeding in infants with nonsurgical necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"53","author":"Arbra","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/NPM-200584_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.03.003","article-title":"Continuous feeding promotes gastrointestinal tolerance and growth in very low birth weight infants","volume":"147","author":"Dsilna","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/NPM-200584_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0000000000000128","article-title":"Bolus versus continuous feeding to optimize anabolism in neonates","volume":"18","author":"Davis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/NPM-200584_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1982.tb09438.x","article-title":"Feeding and the development of enteroinsular hormone secretion in the preterm infant: Effects of continuous gastric infusions of human milk compared with intermittent boluses","volume":"71","author":"Aynsley-Green","year":"1982","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/NPM-200584","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:38:56Z","timestamp":1777613936000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.medra.org\/servlet\/aliasResolver?alias=iospress&doi=10.3233\/NPM-200584"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/npm-200584","relation":{},"ISSN":["1934-5798","1878-4429"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1934-5798","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-4429","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]]}}}