{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:07:27Z","timestamp":1791994047995,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NPM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE: To define criteria based on iron status parameters for the identification of healthy women who do need\/do not need iron supplementation during normal pregnancy. METHODS: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 113 women (62 iron-, 51 placebo treated) and their newborns. Iron dose was 66\u200amg elemental iron as ferrous fumarate daily from 14\u201318 weeks gestation to delivery. Hemoglobin (Hb), serum (S)-ferritin, S-transferrin saturation percentage, and S-erythropoietin were measured during gestation, prepartum, one week and 8 weeks postpartum. The women were divided in groups according to S-ferritin levels at inclusion:&lt;30,\u226530,\u226540,\u226550 and\u226560\u03bcg\/L. Iron deficiency (ID) was defined as S-ferritin\u200a&lt;\u200a15\u03bcg\/L; iron deficiency anemia (IDA) as S-ferritin\u200a&lt;\u200a15\u03bcg\/L and Hb\u200a&lt;\u200a110\u200ag\/L. RESULTS: Placebo treated women with S-ferritin levels\u200a&lt;\u200a30\u03bcg\/L at inclusion had a much higher incidence of ID\/IDA than placebo treated women with S-ferritin levels\u226530,\u226540,\u226550, and\u226560\u03bcg\/L. S-ferritin levels\u226540\u03bcg\/L were associated with a very low risk of ID\/IDA and none of the women with levels\u226550 and\u226560\u03bcg\/L displayed ID\/IDA. CONCLUSIONS: Women having S-ferritin\u200a&lt;\u200a30\u03bcg\/L in early pregnancy, have a high risk of ID\/IDA and should be recommended ferrous iron supplements in appropriate doses. With increasing iron reserves, i.e., increasing S-ferritin, the need for iron supplements diminishes, and placebo treated women having S-ferritin \u226540\u03bcg\/L seldom develop IDA. Women with S-ferritin levels\u226550 and\u226560\u03bcg\/L or higher, have adequate iron reserves and do not need routine iron prophylaxis in pregnancy. The results support the arguments for an individual iron supplementation guided by iron status, to avoid unwanted side effects of unnecessary iron intake.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/npm-231210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T11:23:21Z","timestamp":1694777001000},"page":"547-562","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of iron supplementation to iron depleted and iron replete pregnant Danish women: Defining criteria for identification of women who can manage without supplements: A randomized, placebo-controlled study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"N.T.","family":"Milman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Naestved Hospital, Zealand University College, Naestved, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/NPM-231210_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.1.257S","article-title":"Iron requirements in pregnancy and strategies to meet them","volume":"72","author":"Bothwell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3233\/NPM-231210_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-006-0108-2","article-title":"Iron and pregnancy \u2013a delicate balance","volume":"85","author":"Milman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"10.3233\/NPM-231210_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1159\/000332129","article-title":"Iron in pregnancy \u2013how do we secure an appropriate iron status in the mother and child","volume":"59","author":"Milman N","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"10.3233\/NPM-231210_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01811467","article-title":"Iron stores in 30- to 60-year-old Danish women: evaluation by serum ferritin and hemoglobin","volume":"64","author":"Milman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.3233\/NPM-231210_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156000","article-title":"Iron status in pregnant women and women of reproductive age in Europe","volume":"106","author":"Milman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.3233\/NPM-231210_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.1999.780902.x","article-title":"Iron status and iron balance during pregnancy","volume":"78","author":"Milman","year":"1999","journal-title":"A critical reappraisal of iron supplementation. 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