{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:32:08Z","timestamp":1777890728316,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,28]],"date-time":"2013-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362009600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NeuroRehabilitation: An International, Interdisciplinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, caused by the gradual loss of cells in substantia nigra. Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in a variety of signal transduction pathways that are crucial for maintaining the physiologic functions of nervous system. The aims of this study are: 1) To investigate the expression of the inducible form of NO (iNOS), and compare it to neuronal nitric oxide (nNOS) in the brain of a chronic mouse model of PD and 2) To study the effect of endurance exercise training on the expression of these markers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mouse models of PD were obtained using 10 doses of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) (25 mg\/kg) and probenecid (250 mg\/kg) over 5 weeks. Forty C57BL \/6 albino mice were randomly divided into four groups: sedentary control (SC, N = 10), exercise control (EC, N = 10), sedentary PD (SPD, N = 10), exercise PD (EPD, N = 10). At the end of training program, nNOS and iNOS were evaluated in the striatum in all animal groups using immunohistochemistry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>nNOS showed significant increases in striatum (ST) of SPD mice compared to SC mice ( P &gt; 0.03). There was also decreased expression of nNOS in EC group compared to SC mice, but this decrease was not significant ( P &gt; 0.8). Exercise training significantly decreased the level of nNOS in the EPD compared to SPD, ( P &gt; 0.04). Although, iNOS expression followed almost the same trend as nNOS, but exercise training did not significantly decrease the expression of iNOS in both EC and EPD groups, P &gt; 0.2 and 0.3 respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The data from this study suggests that 4 weeks of treadmill exercise has a positive impact on the expression of nNOS and iNOS in the striatum of a PD model. This might clear in part the pathogenicity of the diseases and the positive impact of training on PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/nre-130831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]],"date-time":"2019-12-03T18:02:38Z","timestamp":1575396158000},"page":"141-147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Endurance exercise training protects against the upregulation of nitric oxide in the striatum of MPTP\/probenecid mouse model of Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Muhammed","family":"Al-Jarrah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heyam","family":"Obaidat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziad","family":"Bataineh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lori","family":"Walton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Medicine and Rehabilitation, Terre Haute, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahed","family":"Al-Khateeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,28]]},"container-title":["NeuroRehabilitation: An International, Interdisciplinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/NRE-130831","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/NRE-130831","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:44:25Z","timestamp":1777614265000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/NRE-130831"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,28]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,28]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/NRE-130831"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/nre-130831","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8135","1878-6448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8135","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-6448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,28]]}}}