{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:27:20Z","timestamp":1792193240665,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,10]],"date-time":"2017-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NeuroRehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Recovering hand function has important implications for improving independence of patients with tetraplegia after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation technique that has potential to improve motor function.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To investigate the effects of one session of 1\u200amA, 2\u200amA, and sham anodal tDCS (a-tDCS) in the upper extremity (hand) motor performance (grasp and lease) in patients with chronic cervical SCI.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>METHODS:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Eleven participants with incomplete SCI were randomized to receive 20 minutes of 1\u200amA, 2\u200amA, or sham stimulation over the targeted motor cortex over three separated sessions. Hand motor performance was measured by a hand robotic evaluation (kinematics) and the Box and Blocks (BB) test before and after the stimulation period.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A significant improvement on the grasp mean to peak speed ratio (GMP) was observed in the 2\u200amA group (pre: 0.38\u00b10.02; post: 0.43\u00b10.03; mean\u00b1SEM;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u200a=\u200a0.031). There was no statistically significant difference in BB test results, however the 2\u200amA intervention showed a positive trend for improvement.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A single session of 2\u200amA of a-tDCS showed gains in hand motor function in patients with chronic SCI that were not observed in functional clinical scales. The use of robotic kinematics showed promising results in assessing small changes in motor performance. Further studies are necessary to determine whether tDCS can be an effective long-term rehabilitation strategy for individuals with SCI.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/nre-171456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,12]],"date-time":"2017-05-12T11:46:01Z","timestamp":1494589561000},"page":"51-59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Improved grasp function with transcranial direct current stimulation in chronic spinal cord injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Mar","family":"Cortes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Burke Medical Research Institute","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Universitat de Barcelona","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Heloisa","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rio de Janeiro State University","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aasta","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burke Medical Research Institute","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burke Medical Research Institute","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermano Igo","family":"Krebs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Thickbroom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burke Medical Research Institute","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dylan","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burke Medical Research Institute","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Edith Cowan University","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e32833e99a4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-015-0090-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2006.23.571"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2011.08.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.249730"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nrl.0000038587.58012.05"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NPT.0000282248.15911.38"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968305274517"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968309343214"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968307303401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Improved motor performance in chronic spinal cord injury following upper-limb robotic training","volume":"33","author":"Cortes M.","year":"2013","unstructured":"CortesM., ElderJ., RykmanA., MurrayL., AvedissianM., StampasA., ThickbroomG. W., Pascual-LeoneA., KrebsH. I., Valls-SoleJ., & EdwardsD. J. (2013). Improved motor performance in chronic spinal cord injury following upper-limb robotic training. Neuro Rehabilitation, 33, 57\u201365.","journal-title":"Neuro Rehabilitation"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067344"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2013.74"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-130927"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101389"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0b013e3181fbe692"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICORR.2011.5975429"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-14-64"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/204577211X13207446293695"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2008.113"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.002296"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","article-title":"Design of a robotic device for assessment and rehabilitation of hand sensory function","volume":"2011","author":"Lambercy O.","year":"2011","unstructured":"LambercyO., RoblesA. 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