{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T00:11:38Z","timestamp":1783815098590,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,7]],"date-time":"2009-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1241654400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NeuroRehabilitation: An International, Interdisciplinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with neurological conditions may be affected by spasticity. The Modified Modified Ashworth Scale (MMAS) is a clinical tool used to measure spasticity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the inter-rater reliability of the MMAS during the assessment of elbow flexor spasticity in adult patients with post-stroke hemiplegia. Twenty-one adult patients with stroke (5 women, 16 men) with a median age of 60 years (interquartile range, 47\u201368) were tested. Elbow flexors on the affected side were examined. Inter-rater reliability for two inexperienced raters was very good. The weighted Kappa value was 0.81 (Standard Error = 0.097, 95% CI: 0.62\u20131.00, p = 0.0002). The weighted percentage agreement was 97.4%. The agreement between raters occurred mostly on score 1 (38.1%) followed by score 0 (23.8%). The MMAS yielded reliable measurements between raters when used on patients post-stroke with elbow flexor spasticity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/nre-2009-0472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]],"date-time":"2019-12-03T17:48:49Z","timestamp":1575395329000},"page":"225-229","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Inter-rater reliability of the Modified Modified Ashworth Scale as a clinical tool in measurements of post-stroke elbow flexor spasticity"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Noureddin Nakhostin","family":"Ansari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soofia","family":"Naghdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Hasson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy Department, Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atefeh","family":"Mousakhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azam","family":"Nouriyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeinab","family":"Omidvar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,7]]},"container-title":["NeuroRehabilitation: An International, Interdisciplinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/NRE-2009-0472","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/NRE-2009-0472","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:01:19Z","timestamp":1777615279000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/NRE-2009-0472"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,7]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/NRE-2009-0472"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/nre-2009-0472","relation":{"is-cited-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00736","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.17116\/jnevro201611671101-107","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1053-8135","1878-6448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8135","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-6448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,7]]}}}