{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:47:13Z","timestamp":1777891633497,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NRE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Laryngeal penetration, which is a less serious form of aspiration, should be considered in patients with stroke to ensure early detection of risk of laryngeal aspiration and prevention of pneumonia. OBJECTIVE: As a follow-up to a previous study that demonstrated the association of pharyngeal width to laryngeal aspiration, the present study sought to determine whether the pharyngeal width was related to not only laryngeal aspiration but also laryngeal penetration in patients with deglutition disorder following stroke. METHODS: The pharyngeal width on the roentgenogram was measured and compared based on the severity of aspiration. Moreover, the optimal cut-off points were determined for predicting the penetration and aspiration so that the difference between the penetration and the aspiration could be elucidated. RESULTS: The pharyngeal width of the patients was wider than the controls. The increase of the pharyngeal width by aspiration severity was more evident in the patients with chronic and right cerebral stroke. The optimal cut-off point of the pharyngeal width was approximately 1\u200amm lesser for the prediction of penetration than for aspiration. CONCLUSIONS: The pharyngeal width could be an ancillary method for detecting penetration and aspiration in stroke patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/nre-210120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T12:55:52Z","timestamp":1626785752000},"page":"435-444","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The influence of pharyngeal width on post-stroke laryngeal aspiration"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Wonil","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeongeun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwang-Ik","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Woo-Kyoung","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suk Hoon","family":"Ohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-210120_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1177\/014556131109000412","article-title":"Pharyngeal wall differences between normal younger and older adults","volume":"90","author":"Aminpour,","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/NRE-210120_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.19140","article-title":"Changes in Pharyngeal Width Over Time as an Indicator of Dysphagia in Stroke Patients","volume":"44","author":"Baek,","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-210120_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-019-10052-7","article-title":"Pharyngeal Area Changes in Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Its Effect on Swallowing Safety, Efficiency, and Kinematics","volume":"35","author":"Curtis,","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/NRE-210120_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/s1052-3057(96)80023-1","article-title":"Lesion site in unilateral stroke patients with dysphagia","volume":"6","author":"Daniels,","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/NRE-210120_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000324940","article-title":"MRI-based neuroanatomical predictors of dysphagia after acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Flowers,","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-210120_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s004550010018","article-title":"Deep laryngeal penetration as a predictor of aspiration","volume":"15","author":"Friedman,","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-210120_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2015.08.016","article-title":"Laryngeal penetration on videofluoroscopic swallowing study is associated with increased pneumonia in children","volume":"79","author":"Gurberg,","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.3233\/NRE-210120_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1196-1217","article-title":"The cortical topography of human swallowing musculature in health and disease","volume":"2","author":"Hamdy,","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.3233\/NRE-210120_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1991.00530230078026","article-title":"Dysphagia following brain-stem stroke. Clinical correlates and outcome","volume":"48","author":"Horner,","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-210120_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12298","article-title":"Anatomy of the larynx and pharynx: effects of age, gender and height revealed by multidetector computed tomography","volume":"42","author":"Inamoto,","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/NRE-210120_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2017.41.2.225","article-title":"Lesion Characteristics of Chronic Dysphagia in Patients With Supratentorial Stroke","volume":"41","author":"Jang,","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/NRE-210120_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1097\/mrr.0000000000000348","article-title":"Pharyngeal width and aspiration after stroke","volume":"42","author":"Jung,","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Rehabilitation Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/NRE-210120_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2019.43.2.149","article-title":"Comparison of Dysphagia Between Infratentorial and Supratentorial Stroke Patients","volume":"43","author":"Kim,","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-210120_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26844","article-title":"Kinematic evaluation of penetration and aspiration in laryngeal elevating and descending periods","volume":"128","author":"Kiyohara,","year":"2018","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/NRE-210120_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2019.43.2.187","article-title":"Predictive Value of Pharyngeal Width at Rest (JOSCYL Width) for Aspiration in Elderly People","volume":"43","author":"Lee,","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-210120_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-003-0508-6","article-title":"Structural displacements affecting pharyngeal constriction in nondysphagic elderly and nonelderly adults","volume":"19","author":"Leonard,","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-210120_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-015-9602-9","article-title":"Age-Related Changes in Pharyngeal Lumen Size: A Retrospective MRI Analysis","volume":"30","author":"Molfenter,","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-210120_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-018-9924-5","article-title":"Volumetric Changes to the Pharynx in Healthy Aging: Consequence for Pharyngeal Swallow Mechanics and Function","volume":"34","author":"Molfenter,","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.3233\/NRE-210120_ref19","first-page":"1520","article-title":"Lateralization of cortical function in swallowing: a functional MR imaging study","volume":"20","author":"Mosier,","year":"1999","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/NRE-210120_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-007-9086-3","article-title":"The usefulness of the line spread test as a measure of liquid consistency","volume":"22","author":"Nicosia,","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-210120_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.180.6.1801613","article-title":"Videofluoroscopic studies of swallowing dysfunction and the relative risk of pneumonia","volume":"180","author":"Pikus,","year":"2003","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/NRE-210120_ref22","first-page":"331","article-title":"Comparison of alert verbal painful unresponsiveness scale and the Glasgow Coma Score","volume":"48","author":"Raman,","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/NRE-210120_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00417897","article-title":"A penetration-aspiration scale","volume":"11","author":"Rosenbek,","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/NRE-210120_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-016-9716-8","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics and Lesions Responsible for Swallowing Hesitation After Acute Cerebral Infarction","volume":"31","author":"Saito,","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-210120_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-015-9670-x","article-title":"Swallowing Kinematics and Factors Associated with Laryngeal Penetration and Aspiration in Stroke Survivors with Dysphagia","volume":"31","author":"Seo,","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-210120_ref26","first-page":"703","article-title":"Relationship between the Type of Laryngeal Penetration and Severity of Tracheal Aspiration in the Brain Injured","volume":"23","author":"Ha,","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/NRE-210120_ref27","first-page":"62","article-title":"Clinical value of pharyngeal width of prediction of laryngeal penetration and aspiration in elderly people","volume":"10","author":"Song,","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geriatric Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/NRE-210120_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20488","article-title":"Time-dependent hemispheric shift of the cortical control of volitional swallowing","volume":"30","author":"Teismann,","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/NRE-210120_ref29","first-page":"372","article-title":"Swallowing disorders in persons with cerebrovascular accident","volume":"66","author":"Veis,","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/NRE-210120_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3109\/10903127.2014.959225","article-title":"Identification of a neurologic scale that optimizes EMS detection of older adult traumatic brain injury patients who require transport to a trauma center","volume":"19","author":"Wasserman,","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prehosp Emerg Care"}],"container-title":["NeuroRehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/NRE-210120","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:06:17Z","timestamp":1777615577000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/NRE-210120"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,6]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/nre-210120","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8135","1878-6448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8135","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-6448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,6]]}}}