{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T06:39:29Z","timestamp":1782455969027,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NRE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Parkinson\u2019s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting both motor and cognitive symptoms. While medications show some improvement in motor symptoms, cognitive symptoms can worsen. In-person exercise programs, such as PD SAFEx\u2122, are an important adjunct therapy in improving symptoms. However, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) limited in-person exercise interventions. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the effectiveness of online exercise delivery. OBJECTIVE: To identify (1) whether an online exercise intervention can achieve similar results to an identical in-person intervention and (2) if online PD SAFEx\u2122 can alter the cognitive decline of PD patients. METHODS: 20 participants with idiopathic PD participated in a 12-week online PD SAFEx\u2122 program and were compared to 73 participants from in-person PD SAFEx\u2122. The primary outcome measure was the Unified Parkinson\u2019s Disease Rating Scale-III measured before\/after intervention. Three secondary cognitive measures were collected with the online group. RESULTS: Main effect of time on UPDRS-III scores of both groups were found (F(1,92)\u200a=\u200a35.555, p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001). No interaction was found between in-person and online groups (F(1,1)\u200a=\u200a0.052, p\u200a=\u200a0.820). TMT B in the online group showed significant improvements in executive function (F(1,17)\u200a=\u200a7.095, p\u200a=\u200a0.016). CONCLUSIONS: Online and in-person PD SAFEx\u2122 both achieved clinically significant UPDRS-III improvement and are statistically equivalent. Online PD SAFEx\u2122 reduced cognitive symptoms seen during COVID-19.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/nre-210145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T12:11:05Z","timestamp":1640088665000},"page":"57-63","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Feasibility of online PD SAFEx\u2122 exercise rehabilitation for symptom improvements of Parkinson\u2019s disease: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Jarvis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders Research and Rehabilitation Centre, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kishoree","family":"Sangarapillai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders Research and Rehabilitation Centre, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quincy J.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders Research and Rehabilitation Centre, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Faculty of Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.3233\/NRE-210145_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1017\/S135561771600076X","article-title":"Aerobic exercise improves mood, cognition, and language function in Parkinson\u2019s disease: results of a controlled study","volume":"22","author":"Altmann,","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the 389 International Neuropsychological Society: JINS"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/NRE-210145_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230803","article-title":"Sensory focused exercise improves anxiety in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Beck,","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/NRE-210145_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2015.1087596","article-title":"Longitudinal Change in Performance on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Older Adults","volume":"29","author":"Cooley,","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Clinical neuropsychologist"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/NRE-210145_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2005.03.024","article-title":"Dopaminergic modulation of cognitive function-implications for l-DOPA treatment in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Cools,","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.3233\/NRE-210145_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23394","article-title":"What are the most important nonmotor symptoms in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease and are we missing them?","volume":"25","author":"Gallagher,","year":"2010","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/NRE-210145_ref7","first-page":"293","article-title":"Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"168","author":"Guttman,","year":"2003","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.3233\/NRE-210145_ref8","first-page":"8","article-title":"Treadmill training for patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","author":"Mehrholz,","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/NRE-210145_ref9","first-page":"25","article-title":"Effects of treadmill training on cognitive and motor features of patients with mild to moderate Parkinson\u2019s disease: a pilot, single-blind, randomized controlled trial","volume":"31","author":"Picelli,","year":"2016","journal-title":"Functional Neurology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.3233\/NRE-210145_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22469","article-title":"Symptom and gait changes after sensory attention focused exercise vs aerobic training in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"Sage,","year":"2009","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/NRE-210145_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.2217\/nmt.11.49","article-title":"Comparison of exercise strategies for motor symptom improvement in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"1","author":"Sage,","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurodegenerative Disease Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/NRE-210145_ref12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Are effects ofRock Steady Boxing and PD SAFEx\u2122 on the motorsymptoms of Parkinson\u2019s disease maintained long-term? 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