{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T23:31:51Z","timestamp":1782603111952,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NRE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Migraine is a primary headache disorder. Studies have shown that 93% of people with migraine have an increased number of active Ischemic Compression Myofascial Trigger Points (IC-MTrPs) therapy. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of the IC-MTrPs therapy on: (1) mechanical properties of the upper trapezius muscle (UTM), (2) shoulder girdle and neck (SGN) muscles pain and (3) headaches characteristics in episodic migraine patients without aura. METHODS: Thirty-one adult, female, migraine patients without aura underwent seven IC-MTrPs therapy sessions and were tested during maximally five measurement sessions (pre- and post-1\u2019st, post-4\u2019th, post-7\u2019th therapy and 1-month follow-up). Myotonometric measurements of the UTM\u2019s tone, stiffness and elasticity, subjective SGN muscles pain, as well as headache\u2019s level, frequency and duration were analyzed. RESULTS: Myotonometric tone and stiffness of the UTM significantly decreased in post-1\u2019st, post-4\u2019th therapy and in 1-month follow-up measurements versus pre-1\u2019st therapy testing session. The scores for the SGN muscles\u2019 pain significantly decreased: (i) in post-4\u2019th and post-7\u2019th therapy versus post-1\u2019st therapy session, and (ii) in post-7\u2019th versus post-4\u2019th therapy measurements. Headache\u2019s level, frequency and duration significantly decreased in post-7\u2019th therapy versus pre-1\u2019st therapy measurement session. CONCLUSION: IC-MTrPs therapy resulted in a decrease of upper trapezius muscle tone and stiffness, with simultaneous alleviation of shoulder girdle and neck muscle pain and the headaches characteristics in episodic migraine patients without aura.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/nre-220237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T12:27:31Z","timestamp":1673353651000},"page":"299-310","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Myofascial Trigger Points therapy decreases myotonometric tone and stiffness of trapezius muscle, benefits headaches and muscle pain in migraine"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3211-1840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Olesiejuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Health in Biala Podlaska, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Faculty in Biala Podlaska, Biala 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