{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T04:59:23Z","timestamp":1780635563152,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NRE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: There are few isometric training systems based on upper limb rehabilitation robots. Its efficacy and neural mechanism are not well understood. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the cortex activation of dynamic resistance and static (isometric) training based on upper limb rehabilitation robot combined with virtual reality (VR) interaction by using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). METHODS: Twenty subjects were included in this study. The experiment adopts the block paradigm design. Experiment in dynamic and static conditions consisted of three trials, each consisting of task (60\u200as)-rest (40\u200as). The neural activities of the sensorimotor cortex (SMC), premotor cortex (PMC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) were measured. The cortex activation and functional connectivity (FC) were analyzed. RESULTS: Both the dynamic and static training can activate SMC, PMC, and PFC. In SMC and PMC, the activation of static training was stronger than dynamic training, there were significant differences between the two modes of each region of interest (ROI) (p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.05) (SMC: p\u200a=\u200a0.022, ES\u200a=\u200a0.72, PMC: p\u200a=\u200a0.039, ES\u200a=\u200a0.63). Besides, the FC between all ROIs of the static training was stronger than that of the dynamic training. CONCLUSION: The static training based on upper limb rehabilitation robot may better facilitate the cortical activation associated with motor control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/nre-220292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T11:55:15Z","timestamp":1676634915000},"page":"413-423","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cortical activation in robot-assisted dynamic and static resistance training combining VR interaction: An fNIRS based pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Jinyu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Assistive Devices, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanying","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Assistive Devices, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiqi","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Assistive Devices, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenqian","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Assistive Devices, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sujiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Assistive Devices, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Neural-Functional Information and Rehabilitation Engineering of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongliu","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Assistive Devices, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Neural-Functional Information and Rehabilitation Engineering of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-220292_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Babaiasl, M. , Mahdioun, S. 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