{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:47:56Z","timestamp":1777891676497,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691107200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NRE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: The aim of this case report is to present the successful management of both diplopia and amblyopia in a specific clinical situation, demonstrating neuroplasticity of the visual system in an adult patient. Causes of diplopia include eye pathologies in monocular diplopia and ischemic ocular motor nerve palsies, sudden life-threatening and chronic conditions in central nervous system in binocular diplopia. Strabismic amblyopia and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy are quite often ophthalmic conditions, first one is caused by suppression during developmental period and the latter one by ischemia of the optic nerve in adults. Coexistence of aforementioned conditions may cause unusual clinical situation in which ability of nervous system to functional reorganization could be demonstrated. CASE PRESENTATION: In our adult patient, diplopia was incited by the loss of suppression of the strabismic amblyopic eye, which was the consequence of a sudden decrease of the visual acuity in the previously better eye in the course of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. This led to impairment in daily activities. RESULTS: Visual training rehabilitation improved distance and near visual acuity in the amblyopic eye over three months, and prescribing two pairs of glasses with prisms enabled the patient to return to daily activities. CONCLUSION: The discussed patient lost the suppression of the strabismic amblyopic eye. Management of amblyopia is usually undertaken in children, however considering neuroplasticity we successfully attempted to improve visual functioning of our patient, despite lower intensity of neuroplasticity functions in an adult brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/nre-220303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T12:15:38Z","timestamp":1688472938000},"page":"155-160","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Visual rehabilitation indicating neuroplasticity in an esotropic adult patient with diplopia after sudden visual acuity loss in the non-amblyopic eye: A case report"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0260-1320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Michalski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Chair of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2443-7285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Dubas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry, Chair of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5306-7952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u0142awomir","family":"Nogaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry, Chair of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland"},{"name":"Laboratory of Vision Science and Optometry, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9540-9500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Stopa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Chair of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-220303_ref1","first-page":"395","article-title":"Outcomes of 3 hours part-time occlusion treatment combined with near activities among children with unilateral amblyopia","volume":"33","author":"Alotaibi,","year":"2012","journal-title":"Saudi Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-220303_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2009.06.008","article-title":"Treatment of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy","volume":"55","author":"Atkins,","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-220303_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2008.04.017","article-title":"Contrast masking in strabismic amblyopia: attenuation, noise, interocular suppression and binocular summation","volume":"48","author":"Baker,","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-220303_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2012.11.001","article-title":"Amblyopia and binocular vision","volume":"33","author":"Birch,","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-220303_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.01364","article-title":"Patching and Suppression in Amblyopia: One Mechanism or Two?","volume":"13","author":"Chen,","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/NRE-220303_ref6","first-page":"205","article-title":"Dissertation on the cause of strabismus or squint. Translated from: \u201cDissertation sur la cause du strabismus ou des yeux louches\u201d","volume":"13","author":"de Buffon,","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mem Acad Roy Sci (Paris), 19 June 1743. Strabismus"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/NRE-220303_ref7","first-page":"403","article-title":"Current concepts in the management of amblyopia","volume":"1","author":"de Z\u00e1rate,","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-220303_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1167\/13.2.14","article-title":"Binocular combination in abnormal binocular vision","volume":"13","author":"Ding,","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"issue":"6972","key":"10.3233\/NRE-220303_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1038\/427311a","article-title":"Neuroplasticity: changes in grey matter induced by training","volume":"427","author":"Draganski,","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.3233\/NRE-220303_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.84.9.952","article-title":"Amblyopia: is visual loss permanent?","volume":"84","author":"El Mallah,","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/NRE-220303_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1097\/IIO.0000000000000184","article-title":"Advances in amblyopia treatment: paradigm shifts and future directions","volume":"57","author":"Gaier,","year":"2017","journal-title":"{Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/NRE-220303_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)70999-7","article-title":"Incidence of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy","volume":"123","author":"Hattenhauer,","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-220303_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181ea18e9","article-title":"A binocular approach to treating amblyopia: antisuppression therapy","volume":"87","author":"Hess,","year":"2010","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-220303_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-2010-0550","article-title":"A new binocular approach to the treatment of amblyopia in adults well beyond the critical period of visual development","volume":"28","author":"Hess,","year":"2010","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/NRE-220303_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/00041327-199403000-00011","article-title":"Incidence of nonarteritic and arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Population-based study in the state of Missouri and Los Angeles County, California","volume":"14","author":"Johnson,","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology: the Official Journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/NRE-220303_ref16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Basic mechanism of neuroplasticity","volume":"14","author":"Kossut,","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia\/Neuropsychiatry and Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/NRE-220303_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318257a187","article-title":"Prentice award lecture 2011: removing the brakes on plasticity in the amblyopic brain","volume":"89","author":"Levi,","year":"2012","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-220303_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6830","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.13.6830","article-title":"Neural plasticity in adults with amblyopia","volume":"93","author":"Levi,","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-220303_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.698","article-title":"A new counterintuitive training for adult amblyopia","volume":"6","author":"Lunghi,","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-220303_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00066","article-title":"The Impact of Studying Brain Plasticity","volume":"13","author":"Mateos-Aparicio,","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-220303_ref21","first-page":"525","volume-title":"Brain Injury Medicine. Principles and Practice","author":"Padula,","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-220303_ref22","unstructured":"Pane, A. , Miller, N. R. , Burdon, M. (2018). The neuro-ophthalmology survival guide. New York. Elsevier."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.3233\/NRE-220303_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2009.05.022","article-title":"Object recognition during foveating eye movements","volume":"49","author":"Sch\u00fctz,","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.3233\/NRE-220303_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2194","article-title":"Improved visual sensitivity during smooth pursuit eye movements","volume":"11","author":"Sch\u00fctz,","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/NRE-220303_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00344.2010","article-title":"Keep your eyes on the ball: smooth pursuit eye movements enhance prediction of visual motion","volume":"105","author":"Spering,","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/NRE-220303_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.01.069","article-title":"Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children","volume":"113","author":"Wallace,","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3233\/NRE-220303_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.134700","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for common vision problems in children: Data from the ALSPAC study","volume":"92","author":"Williams,","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/NRE-220303_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2012.05.002","article-title":"New concepts concerning the neural mechanisms of amblyopia and their clinical implications","volume":"47","author":"Wong,","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["NeuroRehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/NRE-220303","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:07:43Z","timestamp":1777615663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/NRE-220303"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/nre-220303","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8135","1878-6448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8135","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-6448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]]}}}