{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:05:04Z","timestamp":1787025904740,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NRE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Tinted lenses have been used to manage visual discomfort and photosensitivity in patients with migraines, benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) and epilepsy. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this review is to examine the existing clinical research regarding the use of colored filters among patients recovering from traumatic brain injuries. METHODS: A review of English articles from PubMed, Embase from embase.com, Web of Science, APA PsycINFO (OVID), Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials with publication years from date of inception to June 10, 2021 was performed. Articles were first screened by title and abstract, followed by full-text review. The search strategy resulted in 7819 results. The final analysis included seven articles which discussed the use of tinted lenses in patients post-traumatic brain injury. RESULTS: While there is a paucity of information related to the therapeutic use of tinted lenses to mitigate post-traumatic light sensitivity and migraines, patients will subjectively report improved symptoms, specifically with precision tints or FL-41. CONCLUSION: Further studies are needed to understand the mechanism of action as well as objective and subjective benefits of tinted lenses in patient post-traumatic brain injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/nre-228015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T13:05:07Z","timestamp":1648213507000},"page":"321-330","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Application of colored filters in patients post-traumatic brain injury: A review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Surbhi","family":"Bansal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nova Southeastern College of Optometry, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/NRE-228015_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-2218","article-title":"Visual dysfunction is underestimated in patients with acquired brain injury","volume":"49","author":"Berthold-Lindstedt,","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/NRE-228015_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.031","article-title":"FL-41 Tint Improves Blink Frequency, Light Sensitivity, and Functional Limitations in Patients with Benign Essential Blepharospasm","volume":"116","author":"Blackburn,","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/NRE-228015_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13281","article-title":"The Prevalence and Impact of Migraine and Severe Headache in the United States: Figures and Trends From Government Health Studies","volume":"58","author":"Burch,","year":"2018","journal-title":"Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.3233\/NRE-228015_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050701591437","article-title":"Critical flicker frequency and related symptoms in mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"21","author":"Chang,","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Injury"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.3233\/NRE-228015_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-52.4.04","article-title":"Colored Glasses to Mitigate Photophobia Symptoms Posttraumatic Brain Injury","volume":"52","author":"Clark,","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Athletic Training"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.3233\/NRE-228015_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2004.451006.x","article-title":"Treatment of Photosensitivity","volume":"45","author":"Covanis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/NRE-228015_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-316417","article-title":"Photophobia: Shared pathophysiology underlying dry eye disease, migraine and traumatic brain injury leading to central neuroplasticity of the trigeminothalamic pathway","volume":"105","author":"Diel,","year":"2020","journal-title":"British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/NRE-228015_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0b013e3182474548","article-title":"Shedding Light on Photophobia","volume":"32","author":"Digre","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroophthalmology"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.3233\/NRE-228015_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050500149817","article-title":"Elevated dark adaptation thresholds in traumatic brain injury","volume":"19","author":"Du,","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Injury"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/NRE-228015_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.2002.00004.x","article-title":"Do Tinted Lenses Improve Visual Performance in Low Vision? 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