{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T22:11:17Z","timestamp":1785017477684,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NRE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may provide a potential therapy for cognitive deficits caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet its efficacy and mechanisms of action are still uncertain. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that anodal tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) would boost the influence of a cognitive training regimen in a mild-to-moderate TBI (mmTBI) sample. Cognitive enhancement was measured by examining event-related potentials (ERPs) during cognitive control tasks from pre- to post-treatment. METHODS: Thirty-four participants with mmTBI underwent ten sessions of cognitive training with active (n\u200a=\u200a17) or sham (n\u200a=\u200a17) anodal tDCS to the left DLPFC. ERPs were assessed during performance of an auditory oddball (3AOB), N-back, and dot pattern expectancy (DPX) task before and after treatment. RESULTS: P3b amplitudes significantly decreased from baseline to post-treatment testing, regardless of tDCS condition, in the N-back task. The active tDCS group demonstrated a significantly increased P3a amplitude in the DPX task. No statistically significant stimulation effects were seen during the 3AOB and N-back tasks. CONCLUSION: Active anodal tDCS paired with cognitive training led to increases in P3a amplitudes in the DPX, inferring increased cognitive control. P3b decreased in the N-back task demonstrating the effects of cognitive training. These dissociated P3 findings suggest separate mechanisms invoked by different neuroplasticity-inducing paradigms (stimulation versus training) in brain networks that support executive functioning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/nre-230014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T10:17:14Z","timestamp":1692699434000},"page":"209-220","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of anodal tDCS on electroencephalography correlates of cognitive control in mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Nickolas","family":"Mertens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Brain Recovery and Repair, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Cavanagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Brain Recovery and Repair, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Violet","family":"Fratzke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Brain Recovery and Repair, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Story-Remer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Brain Recovery and Repair, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Rieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Brain Recovery and Repair, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Kevin","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Brain Recovery and Repair, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darbi","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Brain Recovery and Repair, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davin K.","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(97)90339-7","article-title":"Alcohol abuse and traumatic brain injury: Effect on event-related potentials","volume":"78","author":"Baguley,","year":"1997","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.84","article-title":"Traumatic brain injuries","volume":"2","author":"Blennow,","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Disease Primers"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1080\/17588928.2018.1551869","article-title":"Prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) enhances behavioral and EEG markers of proactive control","volume":"10","author":"Boudewyn,","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1163\/156856897X00357","article-title":"The psychophysics toolbox","volume":"10","author":"Brainard,","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spatial Vision"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation: A roadmap for research, from mechanism of action to clinical implementation","author":"Chase,","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13314","article-title":"Electrophysiology as a theoretical and methodological hub for the neural sciences","volume":"56","author":"Cavanagh,","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cavanagh, J. F. , Rieger, R. E. , Wilson, J. K. , Gill, D. , Fullerton, L. , Brandt, E. , & Mayer, A. R. (2019) Joint analysis of frontal theta synchrony and white matter following mild traumatic brain injury, Brain Imaging and Behavior.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-019-00171-y"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2014.04.012","article-title":"Frontal theta as a mechanism for cognitive control","volume":"18","author":"Cavanagh,","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8854412","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8854412","article-title":"Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in the normalization of brain activation in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders: A systematic review of neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies","volume":"2020","author":"Chan,","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neural Plasticity"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.11.015","article-title":"Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation: Updated review of the literature from 2003 through 2008","volume":"92","author":"Cicerone,","year":"2011","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118920497.ch18","article-title":"Control and Connectivity: Dynamic Networks in the Human Brain","author":"Cole,","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Wiley Handbook of Cognitive Control"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2010.21540","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying age- and performance-related differences in working memory","volume":"23","author":"Daffner,","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.04.006","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in healthy and neuropsychiatric samples: Influence of stimulation parameters","volume":"9","author":"Dedoncker,","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Stimulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009","article-title":"EEGLAB: An open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis","volume":"134","author":"Delorme,","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2011.01.004","article-title":"Electrophysiological markers of cognitive deficits in traumatic brain injury: A review","volume":"82","author":"Dockree,","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2011.02.013","article-title":"Evaluation of traumatic brain injury: Brain potentials in diagnosis, function, and prognosis","volume":"82","author":"Duncan,","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","article-title":"Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses","volume":"41","author":"Faul,","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Filmer, H. L. , Lyons, M. , Mattingley, J. B. , & Dux, P. E. (2017) Anodal tDCS applied during multitasking training leads to transferable performance gains, Scientific Reports 7(1).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13075-y"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Filmer, H. L. , Varghese, E. , Hawkins, G. E. , Mattingley, J. B. , & Dux, P. E. (2016) Improvements in attention and decision-making following combined behavioral training and brain stimulation, Cerebral Cortex.","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhw189"},{"issue":"50","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12530","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2450-16.2016","article-title":"Stimulation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex enhances adaptive cognitive control: A high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation study","volume":"36","author":"Gbadeyan,","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.10.018","article-title":"It\u2019s the thought that counts: Examining the task-dependent effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on executive function","volume":"8","author":"Gill,","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Stimulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9414","article-title":"Controllability of structural brain networks","volume":"6","author":"Gu,","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.04.015","article-title":"Effects of high-definition and conventional tDCS on response inhibition","volume":"9","author":"Hogeveen,","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Stimulation"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.55782\/ane-2003-1455","article-title":"Event-related potentials\u2014the P3 wave","volume":"63","author":"Hruby,","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2018.04.022","article-title":"Effects of prefrontal tDCS on executive function: Methodological considerations revealed by meta-analysis","volume":"117","author":"Imburgio,","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2009.00846.x","article-title":"How useful is executive control training? Age differences in near and far transfer of task-switching training","volume":"12","author":"Karbach,","year":"2009","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2017.05.004","article-title":"Effects of multicomponent training of cognitive control on cognitive function and brain activation in older adults","volume":"124","author":"Kim,","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroscience Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq347","article-title":"White matter damage and cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury","volume":"134","author":"Kinnunen,","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref29","first-page":"36","article-title":"What\u2019s new in Psychtoolbox-?","author":"Kleiner,","year":"2007","journal-title":"Perception ECVP Abstract Supplement"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2508","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm216","article-title":"White matter integrity and cognition in chronic traumatic brain injury: A diffusion tensor imaging study","volume":"130","author":"Kraus,","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-200609000-00001","article-title":"The epidemiology and impact of traumatic brain injury: A brief overview","volume":"21","author":"Langlois,","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref32","first-page":"1573","article-title":"Clinical utility of brain stimulation modalities following traumatic brain injury: Current evidence","volume":"11","author":"Li,","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70065-X","article-title":"Early prognosis in traumatic brain injury: From prophecies to predictions","volume":"9","author":"Lingsma,","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Lancet Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2017.09.002","article-title":"Aging and working memory performance: Electrophysiological correlates of high and low performing elderly","volume":"106","author":"Lubitz,","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref35","unstructured":"MATLAB. (2018) MATLAB (R2018b) [Computer Software]. Natwik, MA: The MathWorks Inc. Retrieved from, http:\/\/www.mathworks.com"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2002-17407","article-title":"Executive dysfunction following traumatic brain injury: Neural substrates and treatment strategies ed. Thomas W. McAllister","volume":"17","author":"McDonald,","year":"2002","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref37","unstructured":"Neurobehavioral Systems, Inc. (2015) Presentation (Version 14.0) [Computer Software]. Berkeley, CA. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.neurobs.com"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2010.07.015","article-title":"FASTER: Fully automated statistical thresholding for EEG artifact rejection","volume":"192","author":"Nolan,","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2016.1216415","article-title":"Immediate memory and electrophysiologic effects of prefrontal cortex transcranial direct current stimulation on neurotypical individuals and individuals with chronic traumatic brain injury: A pilot study","volume":"127","author":"O\u2019Neil-Pirozzi,","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182929f38","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury impairs small-world topology","volume":"80","author":"Pandit,","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1163\/156856897X00366","article-title":"The VideoToolbox software for visual psychophysics: Transforming numbers into movies","volume":"10","author":"Pelli,","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spatial Vision"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01136","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1136","article-title":"N-back training and transfer effects revealed by behavioral responses and EEG","volume":"8","author":"Pergher,","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain and Behavior"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545174","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.545174","article-title":"Cerebral perfusion effects of cognitive training and transcranial direct current stimulation in mild-moderate TBI","volume":"11","author":"Quinn,","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quinn, D. K. , Story-Remer, J. , Brandt, E. , Fratzke, V. , Rieger, R. , Wilson, J. K. , Gill, D. , Mertens, N. , Hunter, M. A. , Upston, J. , Jones, T. , Richardson, J. D. , Myers, O. , Arciniegas , D. B. , Campbell, R. , Clark, V. P. , Yeo, R. A. , Shuttleworth, C. W. , & Mayer, A. R. (2022) Transcranial direct current stimulation modulates working memory and prefrontal-insula connectivity after mild-moderate traumatic brain injury. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2022.1026639","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2022.1026639"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref45","unstructured":"R Core Team. (2019) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.R-project.org\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2013.11.004","article-title":"Cognitive sequelae of traumatic brain injury","volume":"37","author":"Rabinowitz,","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Psychiatric Clinics of North America"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.247171","article-title":"Cellular effects of acute direct current stimulation: Somatic and synaptic terminal effects","volume":"591","author":"Rahman,","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of Physiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102672","article-title":"Internal consistency of event-related potentials associated with cognitive control: N2\/P3 and ERN\/Pe","volume":"9","author":"Rietdijk,","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01055-1","article-title":"Augmentation of working memory training by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)","volume":"7","author":"Ruf,","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.15","article-title":"Network dysfunction after traumatic brain injury","volume":"10","author":"Sharp,","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neurology"},{"issue":"28","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11425","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3887-12.2013","article-title":"Widespread modulation of cerebral perfusion induced during and after transcranial direct current stimulation applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex","volume":"33","author":"Stagg,","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.04.001","article-title":"Older adults improve on everyday tasks after working memory training and neurostimulation","volume":"9","author":"Stephens,","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Stimulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-6748.57865","article-title":"Event-related potential: An overview","volume":"18","author":"Sur,","year":"2009","journal-title":"Industrial Psychiatry Journal"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The jamovi project. (2020) jamovi (Version 1.1.9.0) [Computer Software]. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.jamovi.org","DOI":"10.6018\/edumed.421421"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2016.10.011","article-title":"Enhanced working memory performance via transcranial direct current stimulation: The possibility of near and far transfer","volume":"93","author":"Trumbo,","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turner, G. R. , McIntosh, A. R. , & Levine, B. (2011) Prefrontal compensatory engagement in TBI is due to altered functional engagement of existing networks and not functional reorganization, Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2011.00009"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref57","unstructured":"VA\/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Concussion-Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. 2016, pp. 1\u2013133."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-43234-2","article-title":"Improvement of cognitive control and stabilization of affect by prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS","volume":"9","author":"Wiegand,","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.3011","article-title":"Near- and far-transfer effects of working memory updating training in elderly adults","volume":"28","author":"Xin,","year":"2014","journal-title":"Applied Cognitive Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HTR.0000341435.52004.ac","article-title":"Prevalence of long-term disability from traumatic brain injury in the civilian population of the United States, 2005","volume":"23","author":"Zaloshinja,","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-230014_ref61","first-page":"1","article-title":"What is Cognitive Control?","author":"Zelazo,","year":"2013","journal-title":"Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology"}],"container-title":["NeuroRehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/NRE-230014","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:08:04Z","timestamp":1777615684000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/NRE-230014"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Matthew E.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]},{"given":"Lindsey J.","family":"Gurin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]},{"given":"Davin K.","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]},{"given":"Durga","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/nre-230014","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8135","1878-6448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8135","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-6448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]}}}