{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:49:19Z","timestamp":1777891759710,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NRE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Long-term survival after spinal cord injury (SCI) has been extensively studied in the US and UK. OBJECTIVE: To compare SCI epidemiology and survival results between the US and UK for the same time period and patient groups. METHODS: We restricted attention to persons injured at ages 18 and older who had survived at least 2 years post injury and were not ventilator dependent. We performed survival analysis using logistic regression on person-year data with time-dependent covariates. The resulting mortality rates were used to construct life tables in order to obtain life expectancies. RESULTS: The average age at injury, percentage male, and level\/grade of injury were rather similar between the two countries. After adjustment for risk factors, UK mortality was 85% of that in the US (95% c.i. 80% to 91%, p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.0001). Mortality increased by 0.3% per year over the 1980 to 2012 study period (HR\u200a=\u200a1.003); this was not statistically significant (p\u200a=\u200a0.44). The US and UK life expectancies are nearly the same percentage of their respective general population values, differing by at most 2%. CONCLUSION: Long-term mortality after SCI in the UK is roughly 15% lower than that in the US. The general population mortality in the UK is also approximately 15% lower, however, and thus the percentages of normal life expectancy in the two countries prove to be strikingly similar.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/nre-230153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T11:18:00Z","timestamp":1698405480000},"page":"595-598","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["International comparison: Spinal cord injury in the USA and UK"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Shavelle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Expectancy Project, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"DeVivo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gordana","family":"Savic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire Healthcare, Aylesbury, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Expectancy Project, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Strauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Expectancy Project, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230153_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90252-6","article-title":"Recent trends in mortality and causes of death among persons with spinal cord injury","volume":"80","author":"DeVivo,","year":"1999","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230153_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3102026","article-title":"Sir Ludwig Guttmann Lecture: Trends in spinal cord injury rehabilitation outcomes from model systems in the United States: 1973-2006","volume":"45","author":"DeVivo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230153_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.178798","article-title":"Mortality after traumatic spinal cord injury: 50 years of follow-up","volume":"81","author":"Hagen,","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230153_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2016.154","article-title":"Survival after traumatic spinal cord injury in Denmark: A hospital-based study among patients injured in 1990-2012","volume":"55","author":"Noe,","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230153_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.03.018","article-title":"Survival after spinal cord injury in Australia","volume":"86","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230153_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2017.23","article-title":"Long-term survival after traumatic spinal cord injury: A 70-year British study","volume":"55","author":"Savic,","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230153_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.11.003","article-title":"Improvements in long-term survival after spinal cord injury","volume":"96","author":"Shavelle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230153_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000000140","article-title":"Mobility, continence, and life expectancy in persons with Asia Impairment Scale Grade D spinal cord injuries","volume":"94","author":"Shavelle","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230153_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11010026","article-title":"Long-term survival and causes of death in patients below the age of 60 with traumatic spinal cord injury in germany","volume":"11","author":"Thietje,","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"}],"container-title":["NeuroRehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/NRE-230153","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:08:22Z","timestamp":1777615702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/NRE-230153"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/nre-230153","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8135","1878-6448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8135","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-6448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]]}}}