{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T19:37:30Z","timestamp":1790019450486,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NRE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: The development of depression after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can be used to treat post-TBI depression, but the symptoms response is poorly described. OBJECTIVE: This secondary analysis assessed: (1) the trajectory of depression symptoms up to 12 sessions of CBT, (2) which depressive symptom clusters were responsive to in-person and phone CBT, and (3) whether interim depression thresholds predict 16-week treatment response. METHOD: This secondary analysis of the IRB-approved Life Improvement Following Traumatic Brain Injury trial included 100 adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) within ten years of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury from throughout the US. We used a combination of descriptive, graphical, and diagnostic accuracy methods. RESULTS: Cardinal and cognitive-affective symptom clusters improved most from CBT over 16 weeks. At 8 and 16 weeks, the most responsive individual symptoms were anhedonia, depressed mood, and fatigue; the least responsive were sleep and appetite. PHQ-9 thresholds with a Negative Predictive Value greater than 0.7 for sessions 6, 7, and 8 were, respectively: &gt;15, &gt;10, and &gt;9. CONCLUSION: In-person and phone CBT led to similar symptom responses during treatment. Additionally, using PHQ-9 thresholds for predicting intervention response within eight sessions may help identify the need for treatment adjustments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/nre-230218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T13:42:20Z","timestamp":1706017340000},"page":"245-257","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Utility of in-session assessments during cognitive behavioral therapy for depression after traumatic brain injury: Results from a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"Erickson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Institutes for Research (AIR), Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles H.","family":"Bombardier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse R.","family":"Fann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230218_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050500309791","article-title":"Who benefits? 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(2016). Depression and anxiety following traumatic brain injury: Can these high prevalence disorders be effectively treated using adapted cognitive behavioral therapy? Innovations and Future Directions in the Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies. 182."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230218_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2015.05.009","article-title":"Cut points on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) that predict response to cognitive\u2013behavioral treatments for depression","volume":"37","author":"Schueller,","year":"2015","journal-title":"General Hospital Psychiatry"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230218_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3205","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715001208","article-title":"Predictors of outcome for telephone and face-to-face administered cognitive behavioral therapy for depression","volume":"45","author":"Stiles-Shields,","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/NRE-230218_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060961","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1060961","article-title":"Tele-psychotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mini-review","volume":"14","author":"Tajan,","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230218_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-015-9725-0","article-title":"Depressive symptoms clusters and insulin resistance: race\/ethnicity as a moderator in 2005\u20132010 NHANES data","volume":"50","author":"Vrany,","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230218_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-182583","article-title":"Sleep disorders in traumatic brain injury","volume":"43","author":"Wolfe,","year":"2018","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230218_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617719000791","article-title":"Predictors of anxiety and depression symptom improvement in cbt adapted for traumatic brain injury: pre\/post-injury and therapy process factors","volume":"26","author":"Zelencich,","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society"}],"container-title":["NeuroRehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/NRE-230218","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:08:33Z","timestamp":1777615713000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/NRE-230218"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/nre-230218","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8135","1878-6448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8135","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-6448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]]}}}