{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:55:37Z","timestamp":1791618937132,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713916800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NRE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Many authors have emphasized the need for individualized treatments in rehabilitation, but no tailored robotic rehabilitation protocol for stroke patients has been established yet. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a robot-mediated upper limb rehabilitation protocol based on clinical assessment for customized treatment of stroke patients. METHODS: Clinical data from 81 patients with subacute stroke, undergoing an upper limb robot-mediated rehabilitation, were analyzed retrospectively. 49 patients were treated using a customized robotic protocol (experimental group, EG) based on a clinically guided flowchart, while 32 were treated without it (control group, CG). Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Motricity Index (MI), modified Barthel Index (mBI) and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) measured before (T0) and after (T1) rehabilitation intervention were used as clinical outcomes. RESULTS: There was statistically significant improvement in both groups in terms of FMA-UE, MI, and mBI, while no change in NRS. Intergroup analysis showed significantly greater improvement of the FMA-UE (P\u200a=\u200a0.002) and MI (P\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001) in the EG, compared with the CG. CONCLUSION: The implementation of our robotic protocol for customized treatment of stroke patients yielded greater recovery in upper limb motor function and strength over robotic treatment without a defined protocol.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/nre-230367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T11:54:12Z","timestamp":1709639652000},"page":"411-420","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Implementation of a robot-mediated upper limb rehabilitation protocol for a customized treatment after stroke: A retrospective analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Arianna","family":"Pavan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Fasano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Cortellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Lattanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dionysia","family":"Papadopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabina","family":"Insalaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Germanotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Aprile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230367_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-169762","article-title":"The relationships between shoulder pain, range of motion, and disability in patients with shoulder dysfunction","volume":"31","author":"Anwer,","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230367_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0000000000000295","article-title":"Upper Limb Robotic Rehabilitation After Stroke: A Multicenter, Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"44","author":"Aprile,","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy: JNPT"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230367_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493020937192","article-title":"Poststroke shoulder pain in subacute patients and its correlation with upper limb recovery after robotic or conventional treatment: A secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Aprile,","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Stroke"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.3233\/NRE-230367_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3390\/app9245357","article-title":"Improving the Efficiency of Robot-Mediated Rehabilitation by Using a New Organizational Model: An Observational Feasibility Study in an Italian Rehabilitation Center. 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