{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T12:08:49Z","timestamp":1781093329956,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PRM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>PURPOSE: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is associated with perturbation of orthostatic postural control. In humans, orthostatic postural control is organized around the gravitational vertical (GV). Perception of the GV involves a bottom-up process (central integration of multisensorial information) and a top-down process that uses cognitive mechanisms relying on body image. This study hypothesized that AIS would be associated with an erroneous central representation of verticality. The objective was to demonstrate an altered top-down process of sense of verticality in AIS. METHODS: This multicenter, single-blind, case-control study evaluated 63 adolescent girls with AIS divided into two groups (major AIS (n\u200a=\u200a31) and minor AIS (n\u200a=\u200a32)) and 30 matched non-scoliotic adolescents. Participants scored their perception of trunk appearance in an upright position using a pictographic scale. The outcome measure was the difference between perception score and real trunk deformity. RESULTS: Participants with major AIS presented with misperception of their trunk appearance in an upright position when compared with those with minor AIS or controls. CONCLUSION: Adolescents with major AIS underestimate their trunk deformity in an upright position. This suggests an altered representation of body image, affecting top-down control of sense of verticality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/prm-200689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T11:33:04Z","timestamp":1661513584000},"page":"477-486","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Is self-image, in reference to the gravitational vertical, altered in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? A multicenter, single-blind, case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Catanzariti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Rehabilitation Center Marc Sautelet, Villeneuve-d\u2019Ascq, France"},{"name":"Physical Therapy School, Loos, France"},{"name":"La Maison de la Scoliose, Villeneuve-d\u2019Ascq, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delphine","family":"Darchicourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy School, Loos, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Chevutschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy School, Loos, France"},{"name":"COMUE Lille Nord de France, University Nord de France, Villeneuve d\u2019Ascq, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgane","family":"Le Berre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hospital Swynghedauw - Lille University Hospital, Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laetitia","family":"Tanche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Rehabilitation Center Marc Sautelet, Villeneuve-d\u2019Ascq, France"},{"name":"La Maison de la Scoliose, Villeneuve-d\u2019Ascq, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc-Alexandre","family":"Guyot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COMUE Lille Nord de France, University Nord de France, Villeneuve d\u2019Ascq, France"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hospital Saint Philibert, Lille Catholic University Hospital, Lomme, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"9623","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60658-3","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"371","author":"Weinstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref2","first-page":"357","article-title":"IdiopathicScoliosis from Psychopathological and Mind-Body MedicinePerspectives","volume":"28","author":"Tali\u0107","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatr Danub"},{"key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2012.01.003","article-title":"Pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis: a review","volume":"55","author":"De Seze","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Phys Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E847","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181ff5837","article-title":"Postural instability in early-stage idiopathic scoliosis in adolescent girls","volume":"36","author":"Haumont","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa-1976)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2013.10.125","article-title":"Body schema building during childhood and adolescence: a neurosensory approach","volume":"44","author":"Assaiante","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurophysiol Clin"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2013.10.125","article-title":"Head motion in humans alternating between straight and curved walking path: combination of stabilizing and anticipatory orienting mechanisms","volume":"383","author":"Hicheur","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"Pt 12","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3552","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq311","article-title":"Humans use internal models to construct and update a sense of verticality","volume":"133","author":"Barra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"6-7","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2014.04.003","article-title":"Does adolescent idiopathic scoliosis relate to vestibular disorders? A systematic review","volume":"57","author":"Catanzariti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Phys Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-016-4802-z","article-title":"Clinical balance tests, proprioceptive system and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"26","author":"Le Berre","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200101010-00010","article-title":"Visual deficiency and scoliosis","volume":"26","author":"Catanzariti","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspd.2018.05.004","article-title":"Do Adolescents With Idiopathic Scoliosis Have an Erroneous Perception of the Gravitational Vertical?","volume":"7","author":"Le Berre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-021-00390-8","article-title":"A perception bias of the gravitational vertical is confirmed in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis","volume":"10","author":"Catanzariti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.05.104","article-title":"Psychosocial Difficulties in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Body Image, Eating Behaviors, and Mood Disorders","volume":"116","author":"Gallant","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-150602","article-title":"Do adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis have body schema disorders? A cross-sectional study","volume":"29","author":"Picelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil"},{"key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-1-18","article-title":"Validity of the Walter Reed Visual Assessment Scale to measure subjective perception of spine deformity in patients with idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"1","author":"Pineda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scoliosis"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2719","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815a5959","article-title":"The Spinal Appearance Questionnaire: results of reliability, validity, and responsiveness testing in patients with idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"32","author":"Sanders","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa1976)"},{"key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-2-12","article-title":"Further evaluation of the Walter Reed Visual Assessment Scale: correlation with curve pattern and radiological deformity","volume":"2","author":"Bago","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scoliosis"},{"key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-5-6","article-title":"The Trunk Appearance Perception Scale (TAPS): a new tool to evaluate subjective impression of trunk deformity in patients with idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"5","author":"Bago","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scoliosis"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1240","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318204f987","article-title":"Spinal Appearance Questionnaire: factor analysis, scoring, reliability and validity testing","volume":"36","author":"Carreon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-012-2352-6","article-title":"Outcome instruments to assess scoliosis surgery","volume":"22","author":"Bag\u00f3","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-012-0316-2","article-title":"Perception of stress level, trunk appearance, body function and mental health in females with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated conservatively: a longitudinal analysis","volume":"22","author":"Misterska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspd.2013.06.001","article-title":"Discriminative properties of the spinal appearance questionnaire compared with the scoliosis research society-22 revised","volume":"1","author":"Carreon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-12-81","article-title":"Body image in idiopathic scoliosis: a comparison study of psychometric properties between four patient-reported outcome instruments","volume":"12","author":"Matamalas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1209063","article-title":"Clinical practice","volume":"368","author":"Hresko","year":"2013","journal-title":"Idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents. N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref25","first-page":"193","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: diagnosis and management","volume":"89","author":"Horne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-4-24","article-title":"Pathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in girls - a double neuro-osseous theory involving disharmony between two nervous systems, somatic and autonomic expressed in the spine and trunk: possible dependency on sympathetic nervous system and hormones with implications for medical therapy","volume":"4","author":"Burwell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scoliosis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200301010-00015","article-title":"The reliability and concurrent validity of the scoliosis research society-22 patient questionnaire for idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"28","author":"Asher","year":"2003","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1097\/NOR.0b013e31823710a0","article-title":"Perceptions of self-image and physical appearance: conversations with typically developing youth and youth with idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"30","author":"Merenda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Orthop Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD010663","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010663.pub2","article-title":"Surgical versus non-surgical interventions in people with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","author":"Bettany-Saltikov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-160733","article-title":"The importance of trunk perception during brace treatment in moderate juvenile idiopathic scoliosis: What is the impact on self-image?","volume":"30","author":"Paolucci","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e31452","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031452","article-title":"Mirror, mirror on the wall, how does my brain recognize my image at all?","volume":"7","author":"Butler","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291700019802","article-title":"The effects of mirror confrontation on self-estimation of body dimensions in anorexia nervosa, bulimia and two control groups","volume":"14","author":"Norris","year":"1984","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2011.09.002","article-title":"Action and representation of action during childhood and adolescence: a functional approach","volume":"42","author":"Assaiante","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurophysiol Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-015-0223-y","article-title":"Impaired processing of self-face recognition in anorexia nervosa","volume":"21","author":"Hirot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.12.040","article-title":"Updating process of internal models of action as assessed from motor and postural strategies in children","volume":"233","author":"Cignetti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2015.02.020","article-title":"New reflections on agency and body ownership: The moving rubber hand illusion in the mirror","volume":"33","author":"Jenkinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Conscious Cogn"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2011.05.008","article-title":"The rubber hand illusion and its application to clinical neuroscience","volume":"18","author":"Ramakonar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2012.04.008","article-title":"Vestibular stimulation modifies the body schema","volume":"50","author":"Lopez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-012-0404-7","article-title":"Vestibular inputs modulate somatosensory cortical processing","volume":"217","author":"Ferr\u00e8","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2009.12.003","article-title":"How vestibular stimulation interacts with illusory hand ownership","volume":"19","author":"Lopez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Conscious Cogn"},{"issue":"1717","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":":2470","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2010.2547","article-title":"Just a heartbeat away from one\u2019s body: interoceptive sensitivity predicts malleability of body-representations","volume":"278","author":"Tsakiris","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-7-68","article-title":"Altered sensory-weighting mechanisms is observed in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"7","author":"Simoneau","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198501000-00001","article-title":"Idiopathic scoliosis and the central nervous system: a motor control problem","volume":"10","author":"Herman","year":"1985","journal-title":"The Harrington lecture, Scoliosis Research Society. Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100040113","article-title":"Balance reactions and eye-hand coordination in idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"4","author":"Adler","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1080\/00223989909599748","article-title":"Gender and ethnic differences in the relationship between body esteem and self-esteem","volume":"133","author":"Henriques","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Psychol."},{"key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.52.1.83","article-title":"Adolescent development","volume":"52","author":"Steinberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.O.00330","article-title":"The Evidence Base for the Prognosis and Treatment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: The Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation Clinical Research Award","volume":"97","author":"Weinstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3027","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000249555.87601.fc","article-title":"A review of quality of life and psychosocial issues in scoliosis","volume":"31","author":"Tones","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1684\/pnv.2009.0156","article-title":"[Sense of personal identity and focal brain lesions]","volume":"7","author":"Morin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil"},{"key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-016-0076-9","article-title":"Physiotherapy scoliosis-specific exercises - a comprehensive review of seven major schools","volume":"11","author":"Berdishevsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scoliosis Spinal Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200689_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.23812\/20-743-A","article-title":"Consensus paper on postural dysfunction: recommendations for prevention, diagnosis and therapy","volume":"35","author":"Saggini","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Biol Regul Homeost Agents"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/PRM-200689","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T04:36:43Z","timestamp":1777610203000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/PRM-200689"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/prm-200689","relation":{},"ISSN":["1874-5393","1875-8894"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1874-5393","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8894","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]]}}}