{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T09:49:07Z","timestamp":1777888147004,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608595200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PRM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>PURPOSE: Skin-related issues have a significant impact on health, activities of daily living, and quality of life among people with spina bifida. Data presented by select clinics that participate in the National Spina Bifida Patient Registry reported that 26% of individuals had a history of pressure injuries with 19% having had one in the past year. The spina bifida community lack direct guidelines on prevention of these and other skin related issues. The Integument (skin) Guidelines focus on prevention, not treatment, of existing problems. METHODS: Using a consensus building methodology, the guidelines were written by experts in spina bifida and wound care. RESULTS: The guidelines include age-grouped, evidence-based guidelines written in the context of an understanding of the whole person. They are presented in table format according to the age of the person with spina bifida. CONCLUSION: These guidelines present a standardized approach to prevention of skin-related issues in spina bifida. Discovering what results in successful minimization of skin-related issues with testing of technology or prevention strategies is the next step in protecting this vulnerable population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/prm-200723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]],"date-time":"2020-11-24T20:38:37Z","timestamp":1606250317000},"page":"543-548","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Integument: Guidelines for the care of people with spina bifida"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Patricia","family":"Beierwaltes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota State University-Mankato, Edina, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Munoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Wilhelmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillette Children\u2019s Specialty Healthcare, St. Paul, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200723_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3233\/PRM-130231","article-title":"Wound care challenges in children and adults with spina bifida: an open-cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Ottolini","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200723_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.7748\/ns2002.02.16.22.74.c3156","article-title":"Pressure ulcers and quality of life","volume":"16","author":"Clark","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nursing Standard (through 2013)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200723_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2015.02.029","article-title":"Factors associated with pressure ulcers in individuals with spina bifida","volume":"96","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200723_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-200301000-00004","article-title":"Predicting pressure ulcer risk in pediatric patients: the Braden Q Scale","volume":"52","author":"Curley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200723_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.12.033","article-title":"Differences in length of stay and costs between comparable hospitalizations of patients with spina bifida with or without pressure injuries","volume":"100","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200723_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2019.06.005","article-title":"Scientific methodology of the development of the guidelines for the care of people with spina bifida: an initiative of the spina bifida association","volume":"13","author":"Dicianno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Disabil Health J"},{"key":"10.3233\/PRM-200723_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000266646.43159.99"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200723_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.111\/j.1365-2214.2011.01299.x","article-title":"Self-management, preventable conditions and assessment of care among young adults with myelomeningocele","volume":"37","author":"Mahmood","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child Care Health Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200723_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtv.2016.10.001","article-title":"Pressure ulcers in maturing skin \u2013 a clinical perspective","volume":"26","author":"Schl\u00fcer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Tissue Viability"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/PRM-200723_ref12","first-page":"24","article-title":"Pressure ulcers: avoidable or unavoidable? 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