{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T09:50:21Z","timestamp":1777888221335,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PRM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of a novel technique for baclofen delivery using an intrathecal catheter inserted through a lumbar laminotomy with the tip placed at the cisterna magna (supraspinal baclofen (SSB)) for the treatment of severe generalized secondary dystonia. METHODS: A cohort study of six individuals (4M\/2F, mean\u00b1SD\u200a=\u200a15\u00b14.86 years) with generalized dystonia unresponsive to oral medications were treated with SSB and followed clinically for 9 years. Intrathecal catheter tips were positioned under fluoroscopic guidance just above the level of the foramen magnum, at the cisterna magna. RESULTS: Five of the 6 patients experienced sustained benefit with SSB; the group mean modified Fahn-Marsden scale scores decreased from 95 to 55 (t\u200a=\u200a3.29, p\u200a=\u200a0.02). One patient suffered complex pump pocket infection, and therefore underwent pump explantation. CONCLUSION: Supraspinal baclofen may be an effective method for infusing baclofen into the ventricular system of the brain for treatment of secondary dystonia which is unresponsive to oral therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/prm-210044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T13:57:50Z","timestamp":1646402270000},"page":"145-150","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Supraspinal baclofen for the treatment of secondary generalized dystonia: A case series"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Ceverha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Miller\u2019s Children\u2019s and Women\u2019s Hospital, Long Beach, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bi-Ying","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberly K.","family":"BeDell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, Miller\u2019s Children\u2019s and Women\u2019s Hospital, Long Beach, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/PRM-210044_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.6.6.863","article-title":"Treatment of dystonia","volume":"6","author":"Bhidayasiri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/PRM-210044_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870070109","article-title":"Baclofen in the treatment of idiopathic dystonia in children","volume":"7","author":"Greene","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/PRM-210044_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14063","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for pediatric dystonia: a meta-analysis with individual participant data","volume":"61","author":"Elkaim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.3233\/PRM-210044_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073896011001S02","article-title":"Neuropathophysiology of movement disorders in cerebral palsy","volume":"11","author":"Filloux","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/PRM-210044_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.55.5.601","article-title":"The neurophysiology of dystonia","volume":"55","author":"Hallett","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"10.3233\/PRM-210044_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3171\/ped.2006.105.1.71","article-title":"Intraventricular baclofen infusion for dystonia","volume":"105","author":"Albright","year":"2006","journal-title":"Report of two cases. 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