{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:05:06Z","timestamp":1787025906065,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PRM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>PURPOSE: The incidence of dystonic cerebral palsy causing significant morbidity is on the rise. There is a paucity of evidence for the management of dystonia in children. METHODS: Forty-one children aged 6 months-5 years with predominantly dystonic cerebral palsy were started on a predetermined protocol of trihexyphenidyl (0.25\u20130.52\u200amg\/kg) and followed up at 3, 6 and 12 weeks. Dystonia severity, motor function and developmental age at baseline and 12 weeks were compared using the Global Dystonia Scale (GDS), the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), and Fine Motor\/Perceptual Subscale of the Early Developmental Profile-2. Thirty-four children completed the entire 12 weeks of intervention. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 25\u00b111 months. A significant decrease in median total dystonia scores on the GDS was observed post-intervention (74.5 to 59, p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.0001), and 64% of participants gained motor milestones. GMFM scores increased significantly from a median of 19.8% pre-intervention to 26.5% post-intervention (p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.0001). There was improvement in the fine motor domain as compared to the baseline (p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.0001). The number of children classified at Gross Motor Function Classification System levels 1 and 2 increased to 47.05% from 5.88% in the pre-intervention group. CONCLUSION: Trihexyphenidyl significantly improved dystonia, motor function and development in children with dystonic cerebral palsy in this study. Additional studies are needed to clarify its role in larger numbers of children with this condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/prm-210087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T11:48:50Z","timestamp":1667908130000},"page":"115-124","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Trihexyphenidyl in young children with dystonic cerebral palsy: A single arm study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Lavanya","family":"Rajkumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College & Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhinaya","family":"Ventatakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College & Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Smitha","family":"Sairam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College & Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megha","family":"Khosla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Development Centre, Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ritu","family":"Khanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Development Centre, Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biswajit","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Development Centre, Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devendra","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Juneja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College & Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/PRM-210087_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12080","article-title":"An update on the prevalence of cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Oskoui","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.3233\/PRM-210087_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-019-03024-0","article-title":"Prevalence of Cerebral Palsy in Indian Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"86","author":"Chauhan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.3233\/PRM-210087_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13105","article-title":"Effectiveness of motor interventions in infants with cerebral palsy: a systematic review","volume":"58","author":"Morgan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/PRM-210087_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20192126","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-2126","article-title":"Network Implementation of Guideline for Early Detection Decreases Age at Cerebral Palsy Diagnosis","volume":"145","author":"Maitre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.3233\/PRM-210087_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.1689","article-title":"Early, Accurate Diagnosis and Early Intervention in Cerebral Palsy; 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