{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T09:55:11Z","timestamp":1777888511378,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,18]],"date-time":"2018-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531872000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on primary motor cortex (M1) provides a new way to relieve postoperative pain. Previous studies only found postoperative analgesia dosage significantly reduced in tDCS group while the patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) was applied. However, there lacks the study about the effect of M1-tDCS on pain intensity and brain activity while the analgesia dosage is the same for both groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate whether M1-tDCS can (1) reduce pain intensity and (2) change spontaneous electroencephalography (EEG) oscillations in prefrontal cortex, in patients with postoperative pain, after taking the constant dosage of analgesics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective, single-blind, randomized, sham-controlled study was conducted. 32 patients with postoperative pain after lumbar spine surgery were recruited. All patients received same dosage of dezocine before intervention. In the morning of the first day after surgery and before dezocine injection, a single 20-minute session of anodal M1-tDCS was applied to \u2018tDCS\u2019 group while sham stimulation to \u2018sham\u2019 group. Numeric rating scale (NRS) and resting-state EEG with eyes-closed were measured and analyzed. EEG spectral powers were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Correlation analysis was conducted between the change of NRS and the change of spectral power.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The NRS in \u201ctDCS\u201d group significantly decreased ( p &lt; 0.01) while not in \u201csham\u201d group after intervention. Only spectral power within alpha2 band (10\u201313 Hz) in Fp1 and beta1 band (13\u201320 Hz) in Fp1 showed significant Time\u00d7Intervention interaction effect. These changes of the spectral power also showed significant correlation with the change of NRS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The postoperative pain intensity in patients receiving surgery could reduce after a single session of anodal M1-tDCS compared to sham M1-tDCS. The effect to the top-down dimension of postoperative pain might account for the analgesic effect of M1-tDCS, which reflecting slow oscillations in left prefrontal EEG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/rnn-180816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]],"date-time":"2018-07-20T13:10:21Z","timestamp":1532092221000},"page":"605-620","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Transcranial direct current stimulation of the primary motor cortex on postoperative pain and spontaneous oscillatory electroencephalographic activity following lumbar spine surgery: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Naifu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 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Zhanjiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank F.","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong 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