{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T17:39:13Z","timestamp":1781113153106,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,17]],"date-time":"2019-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560729600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising tool for stroke rehabilitation. Yet, so far, results from the available clinical trials are inconclusive.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary objective of the present work was to test the efficacy of multiple sessions of tDCS combined with a highly standardized and progressive resistance training program of the affected upper limb in individuals in the chronic phase of recovery after a stroke. Secondary objectives were to test the safety and tolerability of these combined interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This two-arm parallel pilot trial recruited participants that were \u226518 years old, community-dwelling, and had sustained a supratentorial stroke \u22656 months prior to the study. They were allocated using a stratified randomization into two groups: 1) real tDCS\u200a+\u200aresistance training and 2) sham tDCS\u200a+\u200aresistance training. The resistance training program targeted the affected upper limb and consisted in 60 minutes of exercises, 3 times\/week over 4 weeks. During each session, participants received either real- or sham-tDCS, using a bi-hemispheric montage for the first 20 minutes, and were blinded to the tDCS intervention. Outcome measures of clinical efficacy (Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Box and Block Test, Wolf Motor Function Test, grip strength, modified Ashworth scale and Motor Activity Log) were assessed by a blinded evaluator before and after the 4-week training program. Safety and tolerability were evaluated, respectively, by the number and characteristics of tDCS adverse events and dropout rates with their reasons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From the 147 individuals screened for eligibility, 14 participants (68.9\u00b110.0 years old; 70.9\u00b157.6 months post-stroke) met the selection criteria and were allocated to real-tDCS ( n\u200a=\u200a7) or sham-tDCS ( n\u200a=\u200a7) groups. Both groups improved on the clinical outcome measures, but these changes were not significantly different between groups ( p\u200a&gt;\u200a0.17). No dropout occurred throughout the study. Participants frequently reported mild skin tingling during the administration of both real- and sham-tDCS, and no group difference was noted for its frequency and intensity ( p\u200a&gt;\u200a0.38). One participant having received real-tDCS complained about a mild skin burning sensation after two sessions. The a\u00a0priori sample size analysis performed on the Fugl-Meyer Assessment scores revealed that 56 participants would be required in a future clinical trial to reach 80% power at a significance level of 0.05.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this pilot study, repeated sessions of bi-hemispheric tDCS coupled with resistance training were found safe and tolerable for individuals at the chronic phase post-stroke. However, the use of tDCS did not result in additional sensorimotor improvements when compared to sham-tDCS. Further research is needed to better assess the clinical benefits of combining non-invasive transcranial stimulation with rehabilitation after a stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/rnn-190908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]],"date-time":"2019-06-21T11:59:45Z","timestamp":1561118385000},"page":"333-346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation combined to a resistance training program in chronic stroke survivors: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Louis-David","family":"Beaulieu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de recherche BioNR, Unit\u00e9 d\u2019enseignement en physioth\u00e9rapie, D\u00e9partement des sciences de la sant\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9anne K.","family":"Blanchette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en r\u00e9adaptation et int\u00e9gration sociale, D\u00e9partement de R\u00e9adaptation, Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec city, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Mercier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en r\u00e9adaptation et int\u00e9gration sociale, D\u00e9partement de R\u00e9adaptation, Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec city, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Bernard-Larocque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche sur le vieillissement, \u00c9cole de r\u00e9adaptation, 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