{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T12:34:02Z","timestamp":1790080442603,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: This paper focuses on motor learning within the saccadic\n\t\t\t and vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) oculomotor systems, vital for our\n\t\t\t understanding how the brain keeps these subsystems calibrated in the presence\n\t\t\t of disease, trauma, and the changes that invariably accompany normal\n\t\t\t development and aging. We will concentrate on new information related to\n\t\t\t multiple time scales of saccade motor learning, adaptation of the VOR during\n\t\t\t high-velocity impulses, and the role of saccades in VOR adaptation. The role of\n\t\t\t the cerebellum in both systems is considered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: Review of data involving saccade and VOR motor learning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: Data supports learning\n\t\t\t within the saccadic and VOR oculomotor systems is influenced by 1). Multiple\n\t\t\t time scales, with different rates of both learning and forgetting (seconds,\n\t\t\t minutes, hours, days, and months). In the case of forgetting, relearning on a\n\t\t\t similar task may be faster. 2). Pattern of training, learning and forgetting\n\t\t\t are not similarly achieved. Different contexts require different motor \n\t\t\t behaviors and rest periods between training sessions can be important for\n\t\t\t memory consolidation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: The central nervous system has the\n\t\t\t difficult task of determining where blame resides when motor performance is\n\t\t\t impaired (the credit assignment problem). Saccade and VOR motor learning takes\n\t\t\t place at multiple levels within the nervous system, from alterations in ion\n\t\t\t channel and membrane properties on single neurons, to more complex changes in\n\t\t\t neural circuit behavior and higher-level cognitive processes including\n\t\t\t prediction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/rnn-2010-0523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]],"date-time":"2019-12-03T18:03:20Z","timestamp":1575396200000},"page":"9-18","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Saccade and vestibular ocular motor adaptation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Schubert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,\r\t\t\t Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Zee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Biomedical\r\t\t\t Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"container-title":["Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/RNN-2010-0523","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/RNN-2010-0523","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T04:56:28Z","timestamp":1777611388000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/RNN-2010-0523"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/RNN-2010-0523"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/rnn-2010-0523","relation":{"is-cited-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1152\/jn.00864.2016","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3389\/fneur.2016.00231","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00979","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0922-6028","1878-3627"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0922-6028","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-3627","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}}}