{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T09:59:18Z","timestamp":1777888758037,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low-frequency rTMS can induce upregulation of excitability in the contralateral hemisphere by interhemispheric interaction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to compare the effects of interhemispheric modulation on hemodynamic changes after applying low-frequency rTMS over the anatomical hand knob (HK) and the hand motor hotspot (hMHS) in the dominant motor cortex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten healthy right-handed participants without a history of neurological or psychiatric symptoms (five males; 29.8\u00b12.8 years) participated in this single-blind, randomized, cross-over study. rTMS was applied under three conditions over the dominant (left) hemisphere for 20 minutes: 1) 1\u200aHz rTMS stimulation on the HK (HK-rTMS), 2) 1\u200aHz rTMS stimulation on the hMHS (hMHS-rTMS), and 3) sham stimulation (Sham-rTMS). For all participants, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was applied for measurement of cerebral oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb) and deoxyhemoglobin (deoxyHb) concentration over the non-dominant (right) hemisphere during a serial reaction time task (SRTT) with the non-dominant (left) hand before and after each condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The average coordinates of the hMHS (x\u200a=\u200a\u2013 39.60\u200amm, y\u200a=\u200a\u2013 17.11\u200amm, z\u200a=\u200a66.40\u200amm) were anterior and lateral to the HK (x\u200a=\u200a\u2013 36.72\u200amm, y\u200a=\u200a\u2013 28.87\u200amm, z\u200a=\u200a56.41\u200amm). In fNIRS time-series analysis, the integral value of oxyHb was significantly increased over the motor cortical region of the non-dominant hemisphere after the hMHS-rTMS compared with Sham-rTMS. The HK-rTMS also showed slight increment of oxyHb concentration but without statistical significance. The SPM group analysis showed greater magnitude of the activity in hMHS-rTMS than that of HK-rTMS after stimulation ( p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results demonstrated an interhemispheric modulation effect of hemodynamic changes by 1\u200aHz rTMS. The hMHS produced a more robust modulation effect of 1\u200aHz rTMS on the contralateral hemisphere than did the HK. Therefore, the rTMS can be considered a better stimulation target than the HK.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/rnn-201032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T16:25:09Z","timestamp":1606839909000},"page":"407-417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Comparison of hemodynamic changes after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the anatomical hand knob and hand motor hotspot: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Jinuk","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and 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