{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T20:19:57Z","timestamp":1787861997320,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624838400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Occipital strokes often cause permanent homonymous hemianopia leading to significant disability. In previous studies, non-invasive electrical brain stimulation (NIBS) has improved vision after optic nerve damage and in combination with training after stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We explored different NIBS modalities for rehabilitation of hemianopia after chronic stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled, three-armed trial, altogether 56 patients with homonymous hemianopia were recruited. The three experiments were: i) repetitive transorbital alternating current stimulation (rtACS, n\u200a=\u200a8) vs. rtACS with prior cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the intact visual cortex (tDCS\/rtACS, n\u200a=\u200a8) vs. sham ( n\u200a=\u200a8); ii) rtACS ( n\u200a=\u200a9) vs. sham ( n\u200a=\u200a9); and iii) tDCS of the visual cortex ( n\u200a=\u200a7) vs. sham ( n\u200a=\u200a7). Visual functions were evaluated before and after the intervention, and after eight weeks follow-up. The primary outcome was change in visual field assessed by high-resolution and standard perimetries. The individual modalities were compared within each experimental arm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary outcomes in Experiments 1 and 2 were negative. Only significant between-group change was observed in Experiment 3, where tDCS increased visual field of the contralesional eye compared to sham. tDCS\/rtACS improved dynamic vision, reading, and visual field of the contralesional eye, but was not superior to other groups. rtACS alone increased foveal sensitivity, but was otherwise ineffective. All trial-related procedures were tolerated well.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This exploratory trial showed safety but no main effect of NIBS on vision restoration after stroke. However, tDCS and combined tDCS\/rtACS induced improvements in visually guided performance that need to be confirmed in larger-sample trials. NCT01418820 (clinicaltrials.gov)<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/rnn-211198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T06:01:22Z","timestamp":1625032882000},"page":"221-235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Non-invasive electrical brain stimulation for vision restoration after stroke: An exploratory randomized trial (REVIS)"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Silja","family":"R\u00e4ty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HUS Neurocenter, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolin","family":"Borrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Psychology, Otto-v.-Guericke University of Magdeburg Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Granata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurology, Policlinic A. Gemelli Foundation-IRCCS, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizbeth","family":"C\u00e1rdenas-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Psychology, Otto-v.-Guericke University of Magdeburg Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariel","family":"Schoenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Neurorehabilitation, Kliniken Schmieder, Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Sailer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEDIAN Klinik NRZ Magdeburg, An-Institut f\u00fcr Neurorehabilitation, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katri","family":"Silvennoinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUS Neurocenter, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juha","family":"Holopainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"De Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Low Vision Patients - IAPB, Italian Branch, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Antal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUS Neurocenter, Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Clinic for Neurology, University Medical Center of G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo M.","family":"Rossini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Neuroscience & Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele-Pisana, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Turgut","family":"Tatlisumak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard A.","family":"Sabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Psychology, Otto-v.-Guericke University of Magdeburg Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2016.12.003"},{"key":"ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968312454683"},{"key":"ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.06.001"},{"key":"ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2007.10.001"},{"key":"ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000672"},{"key":"ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.opx.0000187844.27025.ea"},{"key":"ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15617"},{"key":"ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-8-33"},{"key":"ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156134"},{"key":"ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2015.06.005"},{"key":"ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/18.6.419"},{"key":"ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.05.026"},{"key":"ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.09.047"},{"key":"ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1346729"},{"key":"ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2008.10.027"},{"key":"ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/2079"},{"key":"ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.07.017"},{"key":"ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12584"},{"key":"ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.29.1700"},{"key":"ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2735"},{"key":"ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2008.06.004"},{"key":"ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5252-09.2010"},{"key":"ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968311431963"},{"key":"ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2011.05.026"},{"key":"ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pollock,A., Hazelton,C., Rowe,F. 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