{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T09:54:46Z","timestamp":1781517286247,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IOS Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781643686677","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a three-dimensional deformity characterised by coronal curvature, axial rotation, and altered trunk translation. Radiographic indices (e.g., Cobb angle) quantify structure but incompletely represent functional correctability, a core target of physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercises (PSSE). Side-Shift Therapy (SST), originating from the RNOH tradition (Mehta, 1985) and operationalised via a mobility classification (Betts et al., 2014), is a voluntary lateral translation of the trunk relative to the pelvis (not a side-bend). This paper presents a biomechanics-first teaching framework linking functional spinal unit (FSU) mechanics, thoracic ring behaviour, motor control sequencing, and growth-modulation hypotheses. FSUs are modelled as 6-DOF systems with translation-rotation coupling; in simplified terms, Ktt represents resistance to translation and Ktr represents how rotation changes when translation is performed (short note: coupling = rotation response during translation). Load-path optimisation is framed via an apical bending moment approximation M \u2248 Fg\u00b7dlat (dlat = lateral moment arm). Time-under-load is explained using viscoelastic forms where eta captures time-dependence. In growing spines, a Hueter-Volkmann-type simplification gdot = g0 - ksigma is used to describe stress-sensitive growth (k = stress sensitivity). Clinically, original mobility Types (1: beyond midline; 2: to midline; 3: cannot reach midline) are retained with reported substantial reliability (kappa \u2248 0.76-0.77). A multiplanar update adds transverse modifiers for Types 1-2: A (rotation reduces), B (rotation persists), C (rotation worsens), providing a pragmatic proxy for coupling behaviour and thoracic compliance. The framework supports stratified PSSE prescription and outlines testable targets for reliability, responsiveness, and predictive validity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/shti260733","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T09:28:09Z","timestamp":1781515689000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Side-Shift Therapy as Translation-Dominant 3D Auto-Correction in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Clinical-Mathematical Framework for Stratified PSSE"],"prefix":"10.3233","author":[{"given":"Tony","family":"Betts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital (RNOH), Stanmore, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Scoliosis Interest Group (SIG)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"7437","container-title":["Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","Research into Spinal Deformities 12"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ebooks.iospress.nl\/pdf\/doi\/10.3233\/SHTI260733","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T09:28:09Z","timestamp":1781515689000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ebooks.iospress.nl\/doi\/10.3233\/SHTI260733"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"ISBN":["9781643686677"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/shti260733","relation":{},"ISSN":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0926-9630","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-8365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]}}}