{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T09:54:46Z","timestamp":1781517286250,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IOS Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781643686677","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) screening remains controversial, particularly regarding its effectiveness and cost-effectiveness in population settings. The Scoliosis Research Society \u2013 AIS screening (SRS-AIS) is simple, reliable, and widely accepted in clinical practice. With the emerging of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical screening, AI-based approaches have been proposed as potential alternatives. However, whether AI-AIS screening offers meaningful advantages over established SRS-AIS screening in real-world practice remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy, methodological quality, and practical relevance of AI-based AIS screening in comparison with conventional SRS-AIS screening approache. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception to October 2025 for studies applying AI-based AIS screening. Extracted data included study design, participant characteristics, screening modality, model type, reference standard, and diagnostic performance metrics. Studies were classified as true screening (population-based, community settings) or quasi-screening (clinical datasets without population-level implementation). We evaluated whether studies reported direct comparisons with SRS-AIS screening, validation against standardized SRS-AIS performance, workflow feasibility, or cost-effectiveness analyses. Methodological quality was assessed using PROBAST-AI and QUADAS-AI. Results: Twenty-six studies published between 2018 and 2025, involving more than 330,000 participants across 12 countries, met inclusion criteria. Fourteen studies (54%) were true screening investigations and twelve (46%) were quasi-screening validations. Screening modalities included back-image or depth-camera systems (n=12), radiographic evaluations (n=5), ultrasound (n=3), census models (n=3), surface topography (n=2), and gait analysis (n=1). Median area under the curve was 0.94 (IQR 0.90\u20130.98), mean accuracy was 0.91, and mean Cobb angle error was 3.1\u00b0. Only eight studies were multicenter and seven were prospective. No study directly compared AI-AIS screening with SRS-AIS screening, and no cost-effectiveness analyses were identified. PROBAST-AI rated 62% of studies as low risk of bias, 35% as moderate, and 4% as high risk; QUADAS-AI classified 73% as low risk. Discussion and Conclusion: AI-AIS screening demonstrates technical feasibility and promising diagnostic performance; however, current evidence does not support replacing established SRS-AIS screening in routine practice. Major evidence gaps include the absence of direct comparative studies, economic evaluations, and prospective multicenter validation. These limitations must be addressed before AI-AIS screening can be recommended for widespread clinical or population-level implementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/shti260781","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T09:29:16Z","timestamp":1781515756000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Use of Artificial Intelligence in Screening for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.3233","author":[{"given":"Zelin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Palmer College of Chiropractic (Florida Campus)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palmer College of Chiropractic (Florida Campus)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"7437","container-title":["Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","Research into Spinal Deformities 12"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ebooks.iospress.nl\/pdf\/doi\/10.3233\/SHTI260781","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T09:29:17Z","timestamp":1781515757000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ebooks.iospress.nl\/doi\/10.3233\/SHTI260781"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"ISBN":["9781643686677"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/shti260781","relation":{},"ISSN":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0926-9630","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-8365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]}}}