{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T14:50:05Z","timestamp":1790952605099,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["THC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,27]]},"DOI":"10.3233\/thc-161144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,5]],"date-time":"2016-08-05T10:54:41Z","timestamp":1470394481000},"page":"503-511","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Mirror Therapy with Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for improving motor function of stroke survivors: A pilot randomized clinical study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"DongGeon","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Kyungnam University, Changwon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GyuChang","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Kyungnam University, Changwon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JiSim","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saessac Children Developmental Center, Changwon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14544-8","article-title":"Stroke","volume":"362","author":"Warlow","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/0268-0033(87)90002-7","article-title":"Two steps equals one stride equals what?; the applicability of normal gait nomenclature to abnormal walking pattern","volume":"2","author":"Wall","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clinical Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2340\/1650197787192530","article-title":"Walking after stroke measurement and recovery over the first 3 months","volume":"19","author":"Wade","year":"1987","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/65.9.1323","article-title":"Lower extremity weight bearing under various standing conditions in independently ambulatory patients with hemiparesis","volume":"65","author":"Bohannon","year":"1985","journal-title":"Physical Therapy"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-4533(01)00061-3","article-title":"Indices to describe different muscle activation patterns, identified during treadmill walking, in people with spastic drop-foot","volume":"23","author":"Burridge","year":"2001","journal-title":"Medical Engineering and Physics"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2011-0717","article-title":"Functional electrical stimulation of dorsiflexor muscle: Effects on dorsiflexor strength, plantarflexor spasticity, and motor recovery in stroke patients","volume":"29","author":"Sabut","year":"2011","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref7","first-page":"101","article-title":"The guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of spasticity","volume":"50","author":"Dones","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Neurosurgical Sciences"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1094-7159.2005.05221.x","article-title":"Neuroprosthesis for retraining reaching and grasping functions in severe hemiplegic patients","volume":"8","author":"Popovic","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-4533(02)00040-1","article-title":"Functional electrical stimulation and rehabilitation- An hypothesis","volume":"25","author":"Rushton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Medical Engineering and Physics"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2340\/165019771997310","article-title":"The functional value of electrical muscle stimulation for the rehabilitation of the hand in stroke patients","volume":"29","author":"Hummelsheim","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215502cr504oa","article-title":"Therapeutic electrical stimulation to improve motor control and functional abilities of the upper extremity after stroke: A systematic review","volume":"16","author":"de Kroon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clinical Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31829b4c16","article-title":"Contralaterally controlled neuromuscular electrical stimulation for recovery of ankle dorsiflexion: A pilot randomized controlled trial in patients with chronic post-stroke hemiplegia","volume":"92","author":"Knutson","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2011.35.3.316","article-title":"The synergic effects of mirror therapy and neuromuscular electrical stimulation for hand function in stroke patients","volume":"35","author":"Yun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.06.017","article-title":"Effect of functional electrical stimulation with mirror therapy on upper extremity motor function in poststroke patients","volume":"23","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(03)00042-X","article-title":"Using motor imagery in the rehabilitation of hemiparesis","volume":"84","author":"Stevens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.24286","article-title":"Potential role of mental practice using motor imagery in neurologic rehabilitation","volume":"82","author":"Jackson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2004.02.032","article-title":"Stimulation through simulation? Motor imagery and functional reorganization in hemiplegic stroke patients","volume":"55","author":"Johnson-Frey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain and Cognition"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3928\/0022-0124-19900501-10","article-title":"Using mental imagery to practice a specific psychomotor skill","volume":"21","author":"Bachman","year":"1990","journal-title":"The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(97)00087-9","article-title":"A mental route to motor learning: Improving trajectorial kinematics through imagery training","volume":"90","author":"Yaguez","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.02.034","article-title":"Mirror therapy enhances lower-extremity motor recovery and motor functioning after stroke: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"88","author":"Sutbeyaz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000000040","article-title":"The effects of body weight support treadmill training with power-assisted functional electrical stimulation on functional movement and gait in stroke patients","volume":"92","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20100405","article-title":"Effect of peroneal electrical stimulation versus an ankle-foot orthosis on obstacle avoidance ability in people with stroke-related foot drop","volume":"92","author":"van Swigchem","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physical Therapy"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20050384","article-title":"Gait training combining partial body-weight support, a treadmill, and functional electrical stimulation: effects on poststroke gait","volume":"87","author":"Lindquist","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physical Therapy"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968308317436","article-title":"Rehabilitation of reaching and grasping function in severe hemiplegic patients using functional electrical stimulation therapy","volume":"22","author":"Thrasher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.3109\/09638280902893626","article-title":"The effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on clinical improvement in hemiplegic lower extremity rehabilitation in chronic stroke: A single-blind, randomised, controlled trial","volume":"31","author":"Mesci","year":"2009","journal-title":"Disability and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.12.042","article-title":"The relation between ankle impairments and gait velocity and symmetry in people with stroke","volume":"87","author":"Lin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215506070701","article-title":"Task oriented progressive resistance strength training improves muscle strength and functional performance in individuals with stroke","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2009.12.024","article-title":"Functional electrical stimulation to dorsiflexors and plantar flexors during gait to improve walking in adults with chronic hemiplegia","volume":"91","author":"Embrey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/66.2.206","article-title":"Test-retest reliability of hand-held dynamometry during a single session of strength assessment","volume":"66","author":"Bohannon","year":"1986","journal-title":"Physical Therapy"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90053-9","article-title":"Reliability of the tone assessment scale and the modified ashworth scale as clinical tools for assessing poststroke spasticity","volume":"80","author":"Gregson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20070205","article-title":"Usefulness of the berg balance scale in stroke rehabilitation: a systematic review","volume":"88","author":"Blum","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physical Therapy"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.01.011","article-title":"The timed up and go test: its reliability and association with lower-limb impairments and locomotor capacities in people with chronic stroke","volume":"86","author":"Ng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3109\/09593980903015235","article-title":"The validity and reliability of a 6-metre timed walk for the functional assessment of patients with stroke","volume":"26","author":"Lam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiotherapy Theory and Practice"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref34","unstructured":"Sawner K.A., Lavigne J.M. and Brunnstrom S., Brunnstrom's movement therapy in hemiplegia: a neurophysiological approach, Lippincott (1992)."},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.27.845","article-title":"Effects of virtual reality-based ankle exercise on the dynamic balance, muscle tone, and gait of stroke patients","volume":"27","author":"Yom","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Physical Therapy Science"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968314546134","article-title":"Reflections on mirror therapy a systematic review of the effect of mirror visual feedback on the brain","volume":"29","author":"Deconinck","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref37","first-page":"2953","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation combined with task-related training improves lower limb functions in subjects with chronic stroke","volume":"11","author":"Shamay","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2003.08.0120","article-title":"Response of sagittal plane gait kinematics to weight-supported treadmill training and functional neuromuscular stimulation following stroke","volume":"41","author":"Daly","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1310\/ETDP-6DR4-D617-VMVF","article-title":"The role of timing and intensity of rehabilitation therapies","volume":"12","author":"Teasell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.3233\/THC-161144_ref40","first-page":"24","article-title":"Neuroplasticity promoted by task complexity","volume":"33","author":"Carey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews"}],"container-title":["Technology and Health Care"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/THC-161144","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:39:34Z","timestamp":1777613974000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/THC-161144"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,27]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/thc-161144","relation":{},"ISSN":["0928-7329","1878-7401"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0928-7329","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-7401","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,27]]}}}