{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T19:45:15Z","timestamp":1789501515797,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Technology and Health Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The sitting in an awkward posture for a prolonged time may lead to spinal or musculoskeletal disease. It is important to investigate the joint loads at spine while sitting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the joint moment and antero-posterior (AP) reaction force at cervico-thoracic and lumbosacral joint for various sitting postures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty healthy males participated in this study. Six sitting postures were defined from three spinal curvatures (slump, flat, and lordosis) and two arm postures (arms-on-chest and arms-forward). Kinematic and kinetic data were measured in six sitting postures from which joint moment and AP reaction force were calculated by inverse dynamics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the cervico-thoracic joint, joint moment and AP reaction force were greater in slump than the flat and lordosis postures ([Formula: see text] 0.001) and also in arms-forward posture compared to arms-on-chest posture. In the lumbosacral joint, joint moment and AP reaction force were greater in slump than flat and lordotic posture ([Formula: see text] 0.001) but there was no difference between different arm postures. The joint loads (moment and AP reaction force) at the cervico-thoriacic joint were closely related to the head flexion angle ([Formula: see text] 0.86) while those at the lumbosacral joint were correlated to the trunk flexion angle ([Formula: see text] 0.77). In slump posture, the joint moments were close to or over the extreme of the daily life such as sit-to-stand and walking. Consequently, if the slump is continued for a long time, it may cause pain and diseases at the cervico-thoracic and lumbosacral joints.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of the study indicated that the lordosis or flat would be better spinal postures. Also, keeping arms close to body would be desirable to reduce joint loads.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/thc-174717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,11]],"date-time":"2018-05-11T12:04:27Z","timestamp":1526040267000},"page":"409-418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["The effect of sitting posture on the loads at cervico-thoracic and lumbosacral joints"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yuri","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BK21 Plus Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Won","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BK21 Plus Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Hoon","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeong-Min","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eui-Bum","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwang-Moon","family":"Eom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BK21 Plus Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"bibr1-THC-174717","first-page":"7","volume":"22","author":"Colley RC","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Rep."},{"key":"bibr2-THC-174717","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199904150-00005"},{"key":"bibr3-THC-174717","first-page":"1077","volume":"46","author":"Nachemson A","year":"1964","journal-title":"Discometry, a Method for the Determination of Pressure in the Lower Lumbar Discs. 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